| | Active phytochemicals | Natural source | Mode of action | Molecular target |
| | Curcumin [225, 226] | Curcuma longa (turmeric powder) | Antiproliferation, anticarcinogenesis, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and antiangiogenesis | IGF-1R |
| | Genistein [226] | Soybeans and soy products, red clover (Trifolium pratense), and sicilian pistachio (Pistacia vera) | Antioxidant, antiproliferation, antiproliferation, anticarcinogenesis, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, antiangiogenesis, and anti-inflammation | IGF-1R |
| | Lycopene [226] | Tomatoes, guava, rosehip, watermelon, papaya, apricot, and pink grapefruit; most abundant in red tomatoes | Antioxidant, antiproliferation (growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis), antiangiogenesis, anti-inflammation, and immunomodulator | IGFBP-3 |
| | Apigenin [227] | Fruits and vegetables, including oranges, grapefruits, parsley, celery, onions, wheat sprouts, cereals of millet and wheat, and in some seasonings, such as coriander, marjoram, oregano, rosemary, tarragon, and chamomile tea | Inhibit cellular proliferation, suppress tumorigenesis and angiogenesis, and induce apoptosis | IGF axis and its intracellular signalling in prostate cancer |
| | Quercetin [228] | Fruits, vegetables, leaves, and grains | Inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of cancer cells | IGFIR |
| | Epigallocatechin-3-gallate [229] | Green tea | Inhibits angiogenesis | Inhibitory effects on IGF-I-induced VEGF expression |
| | Resveratrol [225] | Grapes (mainly in the skin), mulberries, peanuts, vines, and pines | Antioxidant, antiproliferation, anticarcinogenesis, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, antiangiogenesis, and anti-inflammation | Suppression of IGF-1R/Akt/Wnt signalling pathways |
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