Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 in Physiological and Pathophysiological Angiogenesis: Applications and Therapies

Figure 3

Different strategies in HIF-1α therapies. Depending on the type of disease and the expected therapeutic effect, different approaches are used in HIF-1 therapies: HIF-1 upregulation (ischaemia) to induce angiogenesis or HIF-1 inhibition to attenuate angiogenesis (cancer). DMOG: dimethyloxalylglycine; DFO: 2-OG analogue (N-oxalylglycine); PR39: macrophage-derived peptide; AdHIF-1α and AdHIF-2α: adenoviral vector; AdCA5: adenovirus encoding a constitutively active form of the HIF-1α; BMDAC: bone marrow-derived angiogenic cells; HIF-1α/VP16: DNA-binding and dimerisation domains of HIF-1α fused with the transactivation domain of herpes simplex virus; K14-HIF-1ΔODD: vector encoding O₂-independent HIF-1α under the keratin 14 promoter. Silibinin: nontoxic flavonoid; topotecan: chemotherapeutic agent that is a topoisomerase inhibitor; SAHA and FK228: histone deacetylase inhibitors; acriflavine, bortezomib; amphotericin B: anti-HIF drugs.