Research Article
Synergistic Antibiofilm Efficacy of Thymol and Piperine in Combination with Three Aminoglycoside Antibiotics against Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilms
Table 3
Minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of thymol, piperine, aminoglycoside, and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of combination against K. pneumoniae.
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MBEC: minimal biofilm eradication concentration, ATB: antibiotic, Thy: thymol, Pip: piperine, (ATB/Thy): concentration of antibiotic in combination with thymol, (Thy): concentration of thymol in combination with antibiotic, (ATB/Pip): concentration of antibiotic in combination with piperine, (Pip): concentration of piperine in combination with antibiotic, (ATB/Thy)α = concentration of antibiotic alone/(ATB/Thy), (ATB/Pip)α = concentration of antibiotic alone/(ATB/Pip), (ATB/Thy)ο = (ATB/Thy)/concentration of antibiotic alone + (Thy)/concentration of thymol alone, (ATB/Pip)ο = (ATB/Pip)/concentration of antibiotic alone + (Pip)/concentration of piperine alone, FICI: fractional inhibitory concentration index, S: synergy, Ad: additivity, I: indifference. |