Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Traditional Antimalarial and Antidengue Plants: A Mechanistic Perspective

Table 2

Medicinal plants were reported to India for their activity against the dengue virus.

Plant species	Part/extract used	Details of study/report	References
Azadirachta indica	Leaves extract	In vitro and in vivo studies done against dengue virus type-2 showed positive effect in the reduction of virus	[48]
	Leaves extract	Used by tribal and traditional healers in various districts of Bihar	[49]
Hippophae rhamnoides	Leaves extract	In vitro assay against dengue virus type-2; the extract has a significant antidengue activity	[50]
Carica papaya	Leaves extract	Increase in platelet count in dengue patients and management of the disease	[51–56]
		Relevant uses in Ayurveda, local people of the North Eastern plain zone of India traditional healers, and local people of Goa, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Odisha
		Clinical trials on patients indicate an increase in platelets due to the administration of the extract
Solanum virginianum	Leaves decoction along with pepper and ginger	Used by the Santhal community in West Bengal	[57]
Tinospora cordifolia	Stem decoction and leaves	Used by the Gujjar community in Trikuta hills, Jammu and Kashmir, and tribal and local people of Bijnor in UP and Chhattisgarh	[58–60]
Ocimum sanctum	Leaves	Reported for its use as leave decoction	[61, 62]
Andrographis paniculata	Leaf, bark, and whole plant	Used by traditional healers in various districts of Bihar. Used by traditional healers in South India and in formulations	[63]
Alternanthera sessilis
Achyranthus aspera
Calotropis procera
Solanum xanthocarpum
Plectranthus vettiveroides
Brassica juncea	Whole plant	Used by traditional healers of Nimari communities of Madhya Pradesh	[64]
Adhatoda vasica	Leaves extract	Reported for its use in formulation	[65]
Euphorbia hirta	Whole plant, root, leaves, and powdered seed	Used by traditional healers and communities of Uttar Pradesh, reported for its use as tonic and decoction or infusion, the extract was tested in in vitro and in vivo conditions and found effective against all four serotypes	[66]
Cassia fistula
Swertia chirata
Datura metel
Coriandrum sativum
Peganum harmala
Abutilon indicum
Cissampelos pareira
Andrographis paniculate Nees	Whole plant	Treated to chikungunya virus and dengue virus	[67]
Curcuma caesiarhizome extracts	Whole plant	Antioxidant and antibacterial activity	[68]
Leucas cephalotes (Roth.)	Whole plant	Treated to malaria, dengue, and other types of fever	[69]