Which Groups of Children Are at More Risk of Fatality during COVID-19 Pandemic? A Case-Control Study in Yazd, Iran
Table 4
Laboratory findings of deceased and survived children with COVID-19.
Variables (normal range)
Deceased group
Survived group
value
OR (95% CI) (ref: normal range)
Below normal range (n)
Normal range (n)
Above normal range (n)
Below normal range (n)
Normal range (n)
Above normal range (n)
Lower limit range
Upper limit range
Sodium (135–145)
9 (42.9%)
11 (52.4%)
1 (4.8%)
52 (36.4%)
88 (61.5%)
3 (2.1%)
0.60
1.385 (0.538–3.563)
2.667 (0.255–27.916)
Potassium (3.5–5.5)
2 (10%)
18 (90%)
0
11 (8.0%)
121 (88.3%)
5 (3.6%)
0.66
1.222 (0.250–5.969)
0.000
Platelets count (150,000–450,000)
6 (25%)
15 (62.5%)
3 (12.5%)
29 (19%)
102 (66.7%)
22 (14.4%)
0.78
1.407 (0.501–3.951)
0.927 (0.247–3.480)
WBC count (5000–15000)
6 (26.1%)
15 (65.2%)
2 (8.7%)
31 (20%)
95 (61.3%)
29 (18.7%)
0.45
1.226 (0.438–3.433)
0.437 (0.094–2.023)
Calcium (8.8–10.8)
12 (70.6%)
5 (29.4%)
0
33 (42.9%)
43 (55.8%)
1 (1.3%)
0.11
3.127 (1.003–9.755)
0.000
Phosphorus (3–6)
2 (16.7%)
9 (75%)
1 (8.3%)
5 (11.6%)
35 (81.4%)
3 (7%)
0.87
—
—
PT (<12)
—
2 (18.2%)
9 (81.8%)
—
12 (27.3%)
32 (72.7%)
0.53
—
1.687 (0.318–8.961)
PTT (<36)
—
10 (90.9%)
1 (9.1%)
—
31 (70.5%)
13 (29.5%)
0.16
—
ALT (<35)
—
9 (56.3%)
7 (43.8%)
—
56 (60.2%)
37 (39.8%)
0.76
—
1.177 (0.403–3.437)
AST (<45)
—
6 (37.5%)
10 (62.5%)
—
57 (60.6%)
37 (39.4%)
0.08
—
2.568 (0.860–7.663)
Magnesium (>1.5)
0
16 (100%)
—
2 (3.8%)
51 (96.2%)
—
0.43
—
—
ESR (<20)
—
7 (46.7%)
8 (53.3%)
—
45 (54.2%)
38 (45.8%)
0.59
—
1.353 (0.449–4.076)
CPK (<200)
—
6 (66.7%)
3 (33.3%)
—
61 (87.1%)
9 (12.9%)
0.10
—
—
Albumin (>3.5)
2 (40%)
3 (60%)
11 (61.1%)
7 (38.9%)
—
0.40
—
—
Blood glucose (60–200)
0
13 (92.9%)
1 (7.1%)
3 (3.4%)
81 (91%)
5 (5.6%)
0.76
—
—
LDH (<500)
—
5 (41.7%)
7 (58.3%)
—
41 (48.2%)
44 (51.8%)
0.67
—
1.305 (0.384–4.436)
Laboratory findings include sodium, potassium, platelets count, weight blood cell (WBC) count, calcium, phosphorus, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), magnesium, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), albumin, blood glucose, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assessed into two groups at the first day of admission and number of patients who had pathological laboratory marker as upper and lower limits of normal range were recorded.
