Interleukin-15 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Iraqi Patients with Alopecia Areata

Table 3

Mean IL-15 and TNF-α levels according to case group characteristics.

Variables	IL-15 (pg/mL) mean ± SD	value	TNF-α (pg/mL) mean ± SD	value
Age (years)
<20	0.94 ± 0.6	0.069	68.47 ± 83.4	0.202
20–39	2.19 ± 2.5		36.18 ± 21.5
≥40	7.9 ± 16.3		25.8 ± 6.5
Gender
Male	1.68 ± 2.4	0.507	39.07 ± 22.5	0.277
Female	2.95 ± 8.0		60.04 ± 80.7
Duration of disease (months)
<6	1.9 ± 2.5	0.326	38.64 ± 25.5	0.568
6–12	1.03 ± 0.78		51.56 ± 32.7
>12	4.75 ± 11.4		65.43 ± 110.7
Family history
Positive	0.75 ± 0.39	0.111	48.91 ± 18.1	0.914
Negative	2.78 ± 6.73		50.43 ± 68.1
Previous history
Positive	1.7 ± 2.9	0.577	44.21 ± 28.2	0.607
Negative	2.61 ± 6.9		52.51 ± 70.2
Other body area involvement
Yes	0.66 ± 0.05	0.093	29.9 ± 5.4	0.056
No	2.49 ± 6.3		51.84 ± 63.7
Exclamation mark
Yes	1.65 ± 2.1	0.478	60.31 ± 73.9	0.092
No	3.55 ± 9.6		32.62 ± 18.5
Pull test
Positive	1.57 ± 2.0	0.432	56.54 ± 70.3	0.145
Negative	4.27 ± 10.9		34.33 ± 20.7
Nail change
Yes	0.65 ± 0.11	0.091	48.51 ± 27.6	0.894
No	2.87 ± 6.8		50.61 ± 68.3
Types of alopecia areata
Multilocularis	1.68 ± 2.1	0.458	47.7 ± 30.7	0.021
Unilocularis	5.4 ± 12.8		27.57 ± 11.0
Universalis	1.3 ± 1.0		32.23 ± 8.2
Totalis	1.6 ± 0		147.3 ± 200.6