A Review of the Pharmacological Effects of the Dried Root of Polygonum cuspidatum (Hu Zhang) and Its Constituents

Table 1

Major active compounds of Hu Zhang and their pharmacological effects reported in the literature.

Classification	Compound	Molecular; formula	Effect	Reference
Anthraquinones		C15H10O5	Antimicrobial; Anti-inflammatory; Estrogenic; Tyrosinase inhibition	[20]; [33]; [53]; [54]
		C16H12O5	Tyrosinase inhibition	[54]
Anthraquinones		C21H20O10	Anti-HIV; Neuroprotective; Estrogenic	[15]; [42]; [53]
		C14H12O5	Neuroprotective	[43]
Anthraquinones		C15H10O6	Anti-inflammatory; Estrogenic; Tyrosinase inhibition	[34]; [55]; [54]
Flavonoids		C15H14O6	Anti-HIV	[15]
Stilbenes		C20H22O8	Anti-inflammatory; Neuroprotective; Cardioprotective	[30, 31]; [40, 41]; [47–49]
		C14H12O3	Anti-HIV; Anti-inflammatory; Neuroprotective; Cardioprotective; Dietary supplement; Antitumor and chemopreventive	[15]; [36]; [44]; [50–52]; [56]; [57–60]