The Potential Therapeutic Effects of Platelet-Derived Biomaterials on Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence

Figure 4

(a) Micro-CT images of ovariectomized mice in the untreated control (OVX) or experimental groups which received single/quadruple injections of either PRFr, BMSCs, or in combination therapy (PRFr + BMSCs). Comparison of a coronal and axial view of microCT images in different groups. (b–e) The BMD, bone volume versus total tissue volume (BV/TV, %), trabecular number (Tb. N), and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) in each group of mice were evaluated 8 weeks after injection. The bars show the mean ± SD (n = 6) of each group.  < 0.05;  < 0.001;  < 0.0001. (f) 3D reconstructed images of ovariectomized mice in the untreated control (OVX) or experimental groups which received single/quadruple injections of either PRFr, BMSCs, or PRFr + BMSCs (upper panel). The red region in the lower panel represents the 3D scope of the newly formed trabecular bone in the proximal tibial. (g–n) Histological sections of proximal tibial bony architecture in non-OVX mice (g) and OVX mice (h) stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). (i–n) Proximal tibial sections from mice received single/quadruple injections of either PRFr, BMSCs, or PRFr + BMSCs. The black arrows indicate newly formed bony trabeculae. Scale bar: 2.5 mm. Reproduced from [22]. Copyright 2020, Springer Nature, licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).