The PTP1B Inhibitor Trodusquemine (MSI-1436) Improves Glucose Uptake in Equine Metabolic Syndrome Affected Liver through Anti-Inflammatory and Antifibrotic Activity

Figure 3

PTP1B inhibition attenuates liver fibrogenesis pathways. (a) Relative gene expression of major profibrogenic mediators. (b) Protein levels of tissue VEGF. (c) Relative levels of liver fibrosis-associated marker transcripts. (d) Fold changes in gene expression of PTP1B-related profibrogenic effectors. Representative data from three independent experiments are shown ± SD (n = 3). An asterisk () indicates a comparison among healthy, EMS, and EMS-treated groups.  < 0.05,  < 0.01, and  < 0.001. Eq Liver_HE: liver explants derived from healthy horses; Eq Liver_EMS: untreated liver explants derived from EMS horses. Eq Liver_EMS + 1 µM MSI-1436: liver explants derived from EMS horses and treated with 1 µM of MSI-1436 inhibitor.

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