The PTP1B Inhibitor Trodusquemine (MSI-1436) Improves Glucose Uptake in Equine Metabolic Syndrome Affected Liver through Anti-Inflammatory and Antifibrotic Activity

Table 1

List of primers used in the study.

Gene	Primer	Sequence 5′–3′	Amplicon length (bp)	Accession no.
IL-1β	F:	AAA​CAG​ATG​AAG​TGC​TCC​TTC​CAG	391	NM_000576.3
	R:	TGG​AGA​ACA​CCA​CTT​GTT​GCT​CCA
IL-4	F:	CTT​TGC​TGC​CTC​CAA​GAA​CAC	97	NM_000589.4
	R:	GCG​AGT​GTC​CTT​CTC​ATG​GT
IL-6	F:	TCC​TTC​TCC​ACA​AAC​ATG​TAA​CAA	319	NM_001318095.2
	R:	ATT​TGT​GGT​TGG​GTC​AGG​GG
TNF-α	F:	AGT​GAC​AAG​CCT​GTA​GCC​CA	242	NM_000594.4
	R:	GTC​TGG​TAG​GAG​ACG​GCG​AT
MCP-1	F:	ATT​GGC​CAA​GGA​GAT​CTG​TG	167	NM_001081931.2
	R:	ATA​TCA​GGG​GGC​ATT​TAG​GG
CRP	F:	TCA​TAG​CCT​TCA​CCG​TGT​GC	253	XM_023640915.1
	R:	ATG​GGC​TTC​CCA​TCT​ACC​CA
IFN-γ	F:	AGC​TGT​GTG​CGA​TTT​TGG​GT	115	NM_001081949.1
	R:	CCA​CCA​TCC​CCT​ACA​TCT​GG
IL-10	F:	TGC​TAT​GTT​ACC​TGG​TCT​TCC​TGG	461	NM_001082490.1
	R:	ACT​CAT​GGC​TTT​GTA​GAC​ACC
TGF-β	F:	ATT​CCT​GGC​GCT​ACC​TCA​GT	197	NM_001081849.1
	R:	GCT​GGA​ACT​GAA​CCC​GTT​GAT
ACVR2A	F:	TCT​GGA​AAG​CCC​AGT​TGC​TT	157	NM_001242549.2
	R:	CTG​GTG​CCT​CGT​TTT​TCT​GC
SMAD-2	F:	AGG​GTG​GGG​AGC​AGA​ATA​CC	89	XM_023647769.1
	R:	CCA​ACC​ACT​GTA​GGG​GTC​CA
SMAD-7	F:	CCC​ATC​ACC​TTA​GCC​GAC​TC	164	XM_023647786.1
	R:	TTG​GGA​ATC​TGA​AAG​CCC​CC
COL4A	F:	CAG​GTG​AGA​TAC​TCG​GCC​AC	185	XM_023621826.1
	R:	CAT​TTG​CCC​CTT​TTC​ACC​CG
COL6A	F:	ACA​AGG​GTG​AGA​AGG​GCA​AG	160	XM_001488351.5
	R:	CCT​TTC​AGT​CCA​AAC​GCA​CC
NOX-1	F:	ACC​ACG​GGA​TCT​CAG​GTT​TG	166	XM_001914728.5
	R:	AAA​TTC​AGG​CAG​CGA​GCA​GA
NOX-4	F:	TGG​CTC​TCC​TTG​AAT​GTC​CT	107	XM_001489131.5
	R:	CTT​AGG​CAC​AAT​CCT​AGC​CCC
JAK-1	F:	CTG​CTT​TTT​GGG​GGA​CAT​TGG	123	XM_023641948.1
	R:	CTC​CTG​GTT​CAC​CTC​CGT​CT
JAK-2	F:	AGG​GAC​ACA​AAC​AGG​GCG​T	144	XM_001492663.6
	R:	TGT​TCC​TCT​TCC​TCT​TAG​CCC
STAT-3	F:	TGC​CTG​TGT​TGG​GTA​GAT​GG	192	NM_001309512.1
	R:	CAT​CGG​GAA​GCT​GTC​ACT​GT
STAT-5	F:	AGA​TGC​TGG​CCG​AGG​TCA​AC	212	XM_005597383.3
	R:	AGA​CTT​GGC​CTG​CTG​CTC​AC
IL-12A	F:	GCC​ATC​CTG​GTC​CTC​CTA​AAC	113	NM_001082511.2
	R:	AGC​AGG​TTT​TGG​GAG​TGG​TT
ACAT-2	F:	TAG​ACT​GAA​CGA​CGG​GCT​CA	181	XM_001503035.6
	R:	CAC​ACA​TCT​TGG​CTG​GAG​CA
TIMP-1	F:	ACT​TCC​ACA​GGT​CGG​AGA​AC	199	XM_023633181.1
	R:	TTG​CAG​GGG​ATG​GAT​GAA​CA
TIMP-2	F:	TCC​CTT​TCG​AGG​GCA​GAC​TA	170	XM_023651899.1
	R:	GGG​GGT​GGG​GTG​TTC​TAT​TG
FN-1	F:	CAC​ACC​CCA​ATC​TTC​ACG​GA	113	XM_023642286.1
	R:	GCC​AGG​AAG​CTG​AAT​ACC​GT
MMP-2	F:	TCC​CAC​TTT​GAT​GAC​GAC​GA	182	XM_023637007.1
	R:	AAG​TTG​TAG​GTG​GTG​GAG​CA
MMP-9	F:	TCG​TCA​TCC​AGT​TTG​GCG​TT	145	NM_001111302.1
	R:	TTG​CCC​AGA​GAC​CAC​AAC​TC
MMP-13	F:	CAC​CTA​CAC​TGG​CAA​AAG​CC	104	NM_001081804.1
	R:	TGG​GAT​GTT​TAG​GGT​TCG​GG
MMP-14	F:	CCT​ATG​CCT​ACA​TCC​GCG​AG	167	XM_023621963.1
	R:	GGC​AGA​GTC​AAA​GTG​GGT​GT
PTP1B	F:	TGG​AAG​GAG​CTC​TCC​CAT​GA	334	XM_023626744.1
	R:	GGA​AGG​GCT​TCC​AGT​GAG​TC
VEGF	F:	CCC​ACT​GCG​GAG​TTC​AAC​AT	221	XM_023624005.1
	R:	TTT​CTC​CGC​TCT​GAG​CAA​GG
GAPDH	F:	GTC​AGT​GGT​GGA​CCT​GAC​CT	256	NM_001357943.2
	R:	CAC​CAC​CCT​GTT​GCT​GTA​GC

IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL-4: interleukin 4; IL-6: interleukin 6; TNF-Α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; MCP-1: chemokine (C-C Motif) ligand 2 (CCL2); CRP: C-reactive protein; IFN-Γ: interferon-gamma; IL-10: interleukin 10; TGF-Β: transforming growth factor beta 1; ACVR2A: activin A receptor type 2A; SMAD-2: SMAD family member 2; SMAD-7: SMAD family member 7; COL4A: collagen type IV alpha 1 chain; COL6A: collagen type VI alpha 1 chain; NOX-1: NADPH oxidase 1; NOX-4: NADPH oxidase 4; JAK-1: janus kinase 1; JAK-2: janus kinase 1; STAT-3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; STAT-5: signal transducer and activator of transcription 5; IL-12A: interleukin 12A; ACAT-2: actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta; TIMP-1: TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1; TIMP-2: TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2; FN-1: fibronectin 1; MMP-2: matrix metallopeptidase 2; MMP-9: matrix metallopeptidase 9; MMP-13: matrix metallopeptidase 13; MMP-14: matrix metallopeptidase 1; PTPT1B: protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; miR-34: hsa-miR-34; GADPH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.