Research Article

Differentially Expressed Genes Analysis in the Human Small Airway Epithelium of Healthy Smokers Shows Potential Risks of Disease Caused by Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and the Potentiality of Astaxanthin as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent

Table 4

Relationship between smoking-related diseases with C1, C2, C3, and C4 clusters. Data obtained from CTD (https://ctdbase.org/) [16].

Disease nameDisease IDDisease categoriesGenes

Chronic bronchitisMESH: D029481Pathology (process)|respiratory tract diseaseSPP1; TKT; PRDX1; BECN1; CYBB; ND6; COX5B; GPX3; UQCRC2; HDAC6; FOXO3; GATA4; IL1B; SKAP2; HDAC2; IDH1; SOD1; CTSS; BAX; COX5A; CSF2; UBB; ARG1
Adenocarcinoma of lungMESH: D000077192CancerSPP1; TKT; PRDX1; BECN1; CYBB; ND6; COX5B; GPX3; UQCRC2; HDAC6; FOXO3; GATA4; IL1B; SKAP2; HDAC2; IDH1; SOD1; CTSS; BAX; COX5A; CSF2; UBB; ARG1
Non-small-cell lung carcinomaMESH: D002289Cancer|respiratory tract diseaseSPP1; TKT; PRDX1; BECN1; CYBB; ND6; COX5B; GPX3; UQCRC2; HDAC6; FOXO3; GATA4; IL1B; SKAP2; HDAC2; IDH1; SOD1; CTSS; BAX; COX5A; CSF2; UBB; ARG1
Small cell lung carcinomaMESH: D055752Cancer|respiratory tract diseaseSPP1; TKT; PRDX1; BECN1; CYBB; ND6; COX5B; GPX3; UQCRC2; HDAC6; FOXO3; GATA4; IL1B; SKAP2; HDAC2; IDH1; SOD1; CTSS; BAX; COX5A; CSF2; UBB; ARG1
Type 2 diabetes mellitusMESH: D003924Endocrine system disease|metabolic diseaseSPP1; TKT; PRDX1; BECN1; CYBB; ND6; COX5B; GPX3; UQCRC2; HDAC6; FOXO3; GATA4; IL1B; SKAP2; HDAC2; IDH1; SOD1; CTSS; BAX; COX5A; CSF2; UBB; ARG1
EmphysemaMESH: D004646Pathology (process)SPP1; TKT; PRDX1; BECN1; CYBB; ND6; COX5B; GPX3; UQCRC2; HDAC6; FOXO3; GATA4; IL1B; SKAP2; HDAC2; IDH1; SOD1; CTSS; BAX; COX5A; CSF2; UBB; ARG1
Ischemic strokeMESH: D000083242Cardiovascular disease|nervous system diseaseSPP1; TKT; PRDX1; BECN1; CYBB; ND6; COX5B; GPX3; UQCRC2; HDAC6; FOXO3; GATA4; IL1B; SKAP2; HDAC2; IDH1; SOD1; CTSS; BAX; COX5A; CSF2; UBB; ARG1
Lung diseasesMESH: D008171Respiratory tract diseaseSPP1; TKT; PRDX1; BECN1; CYBB; ND6; COX5B; GPX3; UQCRC2; HDAC6; FOXO3; GATA4; IL1B; SKAP2; HDAC2; IDH1; SOD1; CTSS; BAX; COX5A; CSF2; UBB; ARG1
Pulmonary heart diseaseMESH: D011660Cardiovascular diseaseSPP1; BECN1; CYBB; ND6; COX5B; GPX3; UQCRC2; HDAC6; FOXO3; GATA4; IL1B; IDH1; SOD1; CTSS; BAX; COX5A; CSF2; UBB; ARG1
InflammationMESH: D007249Pathology (process)SPP1; TKT; PRDX1; BECN1; CYBB; ND6; COX5B; GPX3; UQCRC2; HDAC6; FOXO3; GATA4; IL1B; SKAP2; HDAC2; IDH1; SOD1; CTSS; BAX; COX5A; CSF2; UBB; ARG1