Corporal Punishment of Children in Nine Countries as a Function of Child Gender and Parent Gender

Table 5

Means (standard deviations) for comparisons of parents’ and children’s reports of the frequency of parents’ corporal punishment use in last year.

	Spank, slap, or hit						Grab or shake
	Mother	Child	t	Father	Child	t	Mother	Child	t	Father	Child	𝑡
China	1.85 (.92)	1.56 (.94)	3.69^∗	1.66 (.80)	1.62 (.93)	.69	1.42 (.74)	1.16 (.57)	4.37^∗	1.45 (.75)	1.26 (.64)	3.00^∗
Colombia	2.08 (1.15)	1.92 (1.20)	1.11	1.75 (.98)	1.72 (1.11)	.20	1.92 (1.12)	1.26 (.75)	5.04^∗	1.56 (.87)	1.21 (.61)	3.68^∗
Italy	2.22 (1.17)	2.13 (1.38)	.77	1.80 (.95)	1.99 (1.26)	−1.93	2.09 (1.21)	1.55 (1.12)	4.93^∗	1.79 (1.01)	1.62 (1.15)	1.72
Jordan	2.55 (1.21)	2.65 (1.22)	−.79	2.19 (1.09)	2.21 (1.12)	−.15	2.40 (1.47)	2.22 (1.41)	1.13	2.30 (1.38)	2.07 (1.24)	1.51
Kenya	3.36 (.86)	3.64 (.91)	−2.48^∗	2.85 (.97)	3.06 (1.05)	−1.75	1.84 (1.12)	1.50 (.97)	2.43^∗	1.85 (1.22)	1.33 (.67)	3.69^∗
Philippines	2.36 (1.19)	2.25 (1.31)	.77	2.13 (1.15)	2.30 (1.31)	−.99	1.79 (1.06)	1.75 (1.22)	.25	1.64 (1.08)	1.65 (1.12)	−.07
Sweden	1.03 (.17)	1.06 (.37)	−.73	1.03 (.16)	1.17 (.65)	−1.95	1.39 (.65)	1.46 (.94)	−.66	1.51 (.74)	1.64 (1.17)	−.95
Thailand	1.80 (.92)	1.88 (1.22)	−.59	1.65 (.95)	1.82 (1.21)	−1.18	1.24 (.52)	1.48 (1.04)	−2.12^∗	1.26 (.69)	1.37 (.92)	−.84
U.S.A.	1.86 (.96)	1.90 (1.22)	−.51	1.59 (.79)	1.65 (1.01)	−.69	1.31 (.70)	1.47 (1.01)	−2.49^∗	1.27 (.67)	1.30 (.75)	−.34

^∗𝑃<.05.
Note. Values are means, standard deviations, and paired samples t-tests. Frequency of corporal punishment was rated as 1 = never, 2 = less than once a month, 3 = about once a month, 4 = about once a week, and 5 = almost every day.