Corporal Punishment of Children in Nine Countries as a Function of Child Gender and Parent Gender
Table 6
Means (standard deviations) for country comparisons of corporal punishment use and beliefs.
China
Colombia
Italy
Jordan
Kenya
Philippines
Sweden
Thailand
U.S.A.
F
Mother reports
Proportion used mild cp in last month
.16 (.25)
.26 (.31)
.26 (.28)
.33 (.33)
.43 (.32)
.31 (.31)
.01 (.06)
.21 (.25)
.12 (.20)
Proportion used severe cp in last month
.04 (.15)
.03 (.14)
.07 (.17)
.12 (.25)
.31 (.37)
.04 (.13)
.00 (.00)
.02 (.10)
.04 (.19)
Proportion believe necessary to use cp
.25 (.43)
.16 (.37)
.05 (.21)
.07 (.26)
.49 (.50)
.16 (.37)
.00 (.00)
.13 (.34)
.15 (.36)
Frequency spank, slap, hit in last year
1.85 (.92)
2.07 (1.15)
2.22 (1.17)
2.54 (1.21)
3.36 (.86)
2.36 (1.20)
1.03 (.17)
1.80 (.92)
1.86 (.96)
Frequency grab or shake in last year
1.41 (.74)
1.90 (1.11)
2.09 (1.21)
2.39 (1.46)
1.84 (1.12)
1.79 (1.06)
1.39 (.65)
1.24 (.52)
1.30 (.70)
Father reports
Proportion used mild cp in last month
.13 (.21)
.21 (.30)
.18 (.26)
.28 (.31)
.47 (.35)
.27 (.28)
.01 (.05)
.18 (.25)
.09 (.18)
Proportion used severe cp in last month
.04 (.14)
.03 (.12)
.03 (.12)
.07 (.20)
.25 (.34)
.01 (.05)
.00 (.00)
.00 (.00)
.01 (.12)
Proportion believe necessary to use cp
.26 (.44)
.11 (.32)
.03 (.17)
.09 (.29)
.50 (.50)
.16 (.37)
.00 (.00)
.16 (.37)
.13 (.34)
Frequency spank, slap, hit in last year
1.66 (.80)
1.75 (.98)
1.78 (.94)
2.20 (1.09)
2.85 (.97)
2.15 (1.16)
1.03 (.16)
1.65 (.95)
1.60 (.81)
Frequency grab or shake in last year
1.45 (.75)
1.56 (.87)
1.79 (1.01)
2.33 (1.38)
1.85 (1.22)
1.65 (1.09)
1.51 (.75)
1.26 (.69)
1.28 (.68)
Child reports
Frequency mother spank, slap, hit in last year
1.56 (.94)
1.92 (1.20)
2.14 (1.37)
2.61 (1.22)
3.64 (.91)
2.31 (1.31)
1.10 (.54)
1.86 (1.21)
1.83 (1.15)
Frequency mother grab or shake in last year
1.18 (.62)
1.26 (.75)
1.56 (1.12)
2.18 (1.41)
1.50 (.97)
1.79 (1.23)
1.45 (.95)
1.47 (1.03)
1.44 (.96)
Frequency father spank, slap, hit in last year
1.62 (.93)
1.72 (1.11)
1.96 (1.23)
2.20 (1.13)
3.06 (1.05)
2.30 (1.35)
1.14 (.57)
1.90 (1.28)
1.72 (1.09)
Frequency father grab or shake in last year
1.26 (.64)
1.21 (.61)
1.58 (1.13)
2.08 (1.24)
1.33 (.67)
1.63 (1.12)
1.61 (1.11)
1.36 (.93)
1.43 (.92)
Note. Values are means, standard deviations, and F statistics from multivariate analyses of variance. Frequency of corporal punishment was rated as 1 never, 2 less than once a month, 3 about once a month, 4 about once a week, and 5 almost every day. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons showed that means designated with differ significantly from , differ from , differ from , differ from , differ from , differ from , differ from , and differ from .
