Rheumatic Heart Disease in East Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of RHD in East Africa, 2020.

Author	Country	Diagnostic method	Year	SD	Cases	Total	PR	RR	Area/setting	Population	NOS
Massoure et al. [18]	Djibouti	Echocardiography	2013	cs	220	1688	13%	100%	Hospital	Adult population	7
Massoure et al. [19]	Djibouti	Echocardiography	2013	cs	2	156	1.28%	100%	Hospital	Children	7
Rossi et al. [20]	Eritrea	Echocardiography	2014	cs	28	648	4%	100%	School	Children	9
Otto et al. [21]	Eritrea	Echocardiography	2011	cs	8	348	2.3%	100%	Hospital	Pregnant	9
Tewodros et al. [22]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	1992	cs	44	816	5.4%	100%	Hospital	Children	9
Bacha et al. [23]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2019	cs	9	398	2.3%	100%	Hospital	Pregnant	9
Adem et al. [24]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2014	cs	215	1028	21%	100%	Hospital	Adult population	9
Hodes [25]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	1988	cs	152	338	45%	100%	Hospital	Adult population	8
Navuluri et al. [26]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2016	cs	27	198	13.6%	100%	Hospital	Adult population	8
Guteta et al. [12]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2016	cs	144	157	92%	100%	Hospital	General population	7
Tefera et al. [27]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2017	cs	108	862	11.80%	84%	Hospital	General population	9
Parry and Gordon [28]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	1968	cs	194	558	34.8%	100.00%	Hospital	General population	8
Hailemariam [29]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2014	cs	82	205	40%	100%	Hospital	General population	8
Yadeta et al. [30]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2017	cs	2184	6275	34.6%	88%	Hospital	General population	8
Tegegne et al. [31]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2014	cs	24	76	31.6%	100%	Hospital	General population	8
Moges et al. [32]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2015	cs	20	41	49%	100%	Hospital	Children	9
Hodes [33]	Ethiopia	Clinical auscultation and radiography	1993	cs	44	51	86.2%	100%	Hospital	General population	7
Engel [34]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2015	cs	61	2000	3.05%	100%	Hospital	General population	7
Maru [35]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	1993	cs	199	474	42%	100%	Hospital	General population	8
Nigussie and Tadele [36]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2019	cs	75	216	34.72%	100%	Hospital	Children	8
Tegegne et al. [37]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2015	co	24	97	24.74%	100%	Hospital	General population	8
Malede and Haileamlak [38]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2006	cs	132	254	52%	100%	Hospital	Children	9
Habte et al. [39]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2010	cs	256	781	32.80%	93.30%	Hospital	Adult population	9
Amare et al. [40]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2015	cs	83	284	29.20%	100%	Hospital	Adult population	9
Mulatu et al. [41]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2015	cs	6	1874	0.32%	100%	Hospital	Children	9
Yadeta et al. [42]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2016	cs	62	3238	1.90%	100%	School	Children	8
Bekelea et al. [43]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2015	cs	3613	46565	7.76%	100%	Hospital	General population	9
Hailu et al. [44]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2019	cs	17	21	81%	100%	Hospital	Pregnancy	9
Daniel and Abegaz[45]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	1992	cs	278	468	59.40%	100%	Hospital	Children	7
Mehadi et al. [46]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2004	cs	127	324	39.20%	100%	Hospital	Children	7
Gebremariam and Moges [47]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2016	cs	57	106	53.70%	100%	Hospital	Children	9
Ephrem et al. [48]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	1990	cs	60	110	54.50%	100%	Hospital	Children	7
Gemechu et al. [49]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2016	cs	56	987	5.67%	100%	Rural community	General population	7
Tirfe et al. [50]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	2020	co	82	169	48.5%	100%	Hospital	General population	9
Oli et al. [51]	Ethiopia	Clinical auscultation and radiography	1992	cs	15	3235	0.46%	100%	Rural community	Children	8
Oli and Porteous [52]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	1999	cs	60	9388	0.64%	93%	Community	Children	9
Moges [53]	Ethiopia	Echocardiography	1999	cs	33	57	56.10%	100%	Hospital	Children	9
Rebecca [54]	Kenya	Echocardiography	2016	cs	580	906	64%	86.30%	Hospital	General population	8
Oyoo and Ogola [55]	Kenya	Echocardiography	1999	cs	29	91	32%	100%	Hospital	General population	8
Koech et al. [56]	Kenya	American heart association guidelines	2012	cs	582	3196	18%	100%	Hospital	General population	9
Anabwani and Bonhoeffer [11]	Kenya	Echocardiography	1996	cs	3	1115	0.0027%	100%	Hospital	Children	9
Anabwani et al. [57]	Kenya	Clinical auscultation	1989	cs	6	3631	0.17%	97%	School	Children	9
Campanale et al. [58]	Madagascar	Echocardiography	2017	cs	18	859	2.10%	100%	Hospital and school	General population	9
Campanale et al. [58]	Madagascar	Echocardiography	2017	cs	7	522	1.4%	100%	Hospital and school	Children	9
Campanale et al. [58]	Madagascar	Echocardiography	2017	cs	11	337	3.3%	100%	Hospital and school	Adult population	9
Kennedy and Miller [59]	Malawi	Echocardiography	2013	cs	56	250	22.4%	100%	Hospital	Children	9
Soliman and Juma [60]	Malawi	Echocardiography	2008	cs	1176	3908	30.10%	100%	Hospital	General population	8
Sanyahumbi et al. [61]	Malawi	Echocardiography	2016	cs	39	1399	3.40%	96.50%	School	Children	8
Eberly et al. [62]	Rwanda	Echocardiography	2018	cs	212	719	29.50%	100%	Hospital	General population	8
Eberly et al. [62]	Rwanda	Echocardiography	2018	cs	89	248	36%	100%	Hospital	Children	8
Eberly et al. [62]	Rwanda	Echocardiography	2018	cs	127	471	27%	100%	Hospital	Adult population	8
Mucumbitsi et al. [63]	Rwanda	Echocardiography	2017	cs	17	2501	0.68%	93%	Hospital	Children	8
Ali et al. [64]	Sudan	Echocardiography	2018	cs	30	4515	1%	100%	School	Children	9
Kafle and Alurkar[65]	Sudan	Echocardiography	2011	cs	102	1461	7%	100%	Hospital	Children	9
Halim and Jacques [66]	Sudan	Clinical auscultation radiologic, and ECG	1960	cs	243	958	25%	100%	Hospital	General population	9
El Hag [67]	Sudan	Echocardiography	1994	Cs	70	179	39%	100%	Hospital	Children	9
Musa et al. [68]	Sudan	Echocardiography	2018	cs	22	123	17.89%	100%	Hospital	Adult population	8
Khalil et al. [69]	Sudan	Echocardiography	2015	cs	155	12453	1.24%	98.6%	Hospital	General population	7
Ali et al. [70]	Sudan	Echocardiography	2018	cs	5	2129	0.23%	100%	School	Children	9
Yadav et al. [71]	Sudan	Echocardiography	2010	cs	7	9526	0.07%	96.40%	School	Children	9
Ali et al. [72]	Sudan	Echocardiography	2017	cs	204	3315	6.20%	100%	Community	General population	9
Hasab et al. [73]	Sudan	Echocardiography	1997	cs	8	9904	0.08%	100%	School	Children	9
Yassin et al. [74]	Sudan	Echocardiography	2015	cs	45	75	60%	100%	Hospital	Pregnancy	9
Ibrahim-Khalil et al. [75]	Sudan	Clinical auscultation and radiographic X-ray	1992	cs	40	13322	0.30%	100%	School	Children	9
Zuechner et al. [76]	Tanzania	Echocardiography	2019	cs	228	3982	6%	100%	Hospital	Children	9
Mmbali and Chillo [77]	Tanzania	Echocardiography	2017	cs	35	164	21.40%	100%	Hospital	General population	9
Makubi et al. [78]	Tanzania	Echocardiography	2014	cs	51	427	12%	82%	Hospital	General population	7
Luggajo [79]	Tanzania	Echocardiography	2009	cs	150	2782	5.40%	100%	Hospital	General population	8
d’Arbela et al. [80]	Uganda	Clinical auscultation and radiography	1966	cs	117	449	26%	100%	Hospital	General population	8
Caddell et al. [81]	Uganda	Clinical auscultation and radiography	1966	cs	23	50	46%	100%	Hospital	Children	8
Lugero et al. [82]	Uganda	Echocardiography	2016	cs	33	102	32%	100%	Hospital	General population	7
Grimaldi et al. [83]	Uganda	Echocardiography	2014	Cs	44	140	31%	100%	Hospital	General population	7
Ellis et al. [84]	Uganda	Echocardiography	2007	cs	10	58	17%	100%	Hospital	Children	7
Scheel et al. [85]	Uganda	Echocardiography	2018	cs	57	2393	2.45%	98%	Community	General population	9
Beaton et al. [86]	Uganda	Echocardiography	2013	cs	72	4869	1.50%	97%	School	Children	9
Freers et al. [87]	Uganda	Echocardiography	1993	cs	55	500	11%	100%	Hospital	General population	9
Ploutz et al. [88]	Uganda	Echocardiography	2015	cs	43	956	4.50%	95.40%	School	Children	9
Hovis et al. [89]	Uganda	Echocardiography	2019	cs	15	993	1.50%	100%	Hospital	Children	9
Gleason et al. [90]	Uganda	Echocardiography	2016	cs	40	488	0.82%	99.60%	Hospital	Children	8
Rwebembera et al. [91]	Uganda	Echocardiography	2018	cs	709	3582	19.80%	100%	Hospital	General population	9

ECG: electrocardiogram; CS: cross-sectional; CO: cohort; SD: study design; PR: prevalence rate; RR: response rate; RHD: rheumatic heart disease; NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa scale.