Research Article
Religious Participation, Gender Differences, and Cognitive Impairment among the Oldest-Old in China
Table 1
Characteristics of the Oldest-Old in China, by Gender: 1998.
| | Variable | Male , 516 | Female , 187 |
| | Demographics | | | | Age (years) | 89.9 | 93.4 | | Literate (%) | 62.9 | 12.7 | | Urban residence (%) | 40.0 | 36.2 | | Married (%) | 33.2 | 5.0 | | Han (%) | 93.3 | 92.7 | | Number of ADL disabilities (0–6) | 0.7 | 1.3 | | Religious participation (%) | 11.1 | 19.7 | | Positive psychological feelings | | | | Optimism (%) | 77.1 | 65.8 | | Happiness (%) | 49.7 | 40.5 | | Leisure activities | | | | Exercise (%) | 38.6 | 19.3 | | Garden work, grow vegetables (%) | 12.6 | 5.2 | | Reading newspaper or books (%) | 32.7 | 5.6 | | Playing cards and/or mah-jong (%) | 17.2 | 9.2 | | Watching TV and/or listening to radio (%) | 62.5 | 43.8 | | Cognitive impairment (%) | 13.8 | 34.0 |
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Notes: (a) ADL = activity of daily living; (b) ,703.
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