Modeling Age-Friendly Environment, Active Aging, and Social Connectedness in an Emerging Asian Economy
Table 1
Demographic characteristics of self-care adults and informal caregivers.
Demographic characteristics
Frequency, (%)
Location (states)
Pulau Pinang
57 (14.2)
28 (13.3)
85 (13.8)
Perak
50 (12.4)
30 (14.2)
80 (13.1)
Selangor
45 (11.2)
45 (21.3)
90 (14.6)
Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur
77 (19.2)
17 (8.1)
94 (15.3)
Negeri Sembilan
58 (14.4)
30 (14.2)
88 (14.4)
Melaka
57 (14.2)
31 (14.7)
88 (14.4)
Johor
58 (14.4)
30 (14.2)
88 (14.4)
Gender
Male
128 (31.8)
48 (22.7)
176 (28.7)
Female
274 (68.2)
163 (77.3)
437 (71.3)
Nationality
Malaysian
402 (100)
211 (100)
613 (100)
Age
≤35
—
49 (23.2)
49 (8.0)
35.1–45
—
37 (17.5)
37 (6.0)
45.1–55
66 (16.4)
44 (20.9)
110 (17.9)
55.1–65
146 (36.3)
45 (21.3)
191 (31.2)
≥65.1
190 (47.3)
36 (17.1)
226 (36.9)
Race
Malay
141 (35.1)
50 (23.7)
191 (31.1)
Chinese
240 (59.7)
138 (65.4)
378 (61.7)
Indian
20 (5.0)
21 (10.0)
41 (6.7)
Portuguese
1 (0.2)
—
1 (0.2)
Orang Asli
—
2 (0.9)
2 (0.3)
Marital status
Single
38 (9.5)
56 (26.5)
94 (15.3)
Married
260 (64.7)
142 (67.3)
402 (65.6)
Widowed
96 (23.9)
9 (4.3)
105 (17.1)
Divorced
8 (2.0)
4 (1.9)
12 (2.0)
Highest education level attained
No formal education
47 (11.7)
13 (6.2)
60 (9.8)
Primary school
131 (32.6)
28 (13.3)
159 (25.9)
Secondary school
82 (20.4)
23 (10.9)
105 (17.1)
SPM
65 (16.2)
37 (17.5)
102 (16.6)
STPM/diploma
38 (9.5)
39 (18.5)
77 (12.6)
Degree
32 (8.0)
55 (26.1)
87 (14.2)
Postgraduate
7 (1.7)
16 (7.6)
23 (3.8)
Total
402 (100)
211 (100)
613 (100)
Notes: self-care adult respondents; informal caregiver respondents; self-care adult and informal caregiver respondents; Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia or also known as Malaysian Certificate of Education examination is equivalent to O-Level qualification; Sijil Tinggi Pelajaran Malaysia or also known as Malaysian Higher School Certificate examination which is equivalent to A-Level qualification.
