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Nutritional assessment | Sarcopenia group N (%) | Nonsarcopenia group N (%) | value |
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Can you manage eating without any help? |
Dependent | 3 (12) | 0 (0) | |
Verbal assistance | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ≤0.001 |
Some human help | 13 (52) | 0 (0) | |
Independent | 9 (36) | 25 (100) | |
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Can you prepare meals for yourself without help? |
Dependent | 21 (84) | 0 (0) | |
Verbal assistance | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ≤0.001 |
Some human help | 2 (8) | 1 (4) | |
Independent | 2 (8) | 24 (96) | |
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Can you shop for food and other things you need without help? |
Dependent | 22 (88) | 1 (4) | ≤0.001 |
Verbal assistance | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Some human help | 1 (4.0) | 2 (8.0) | |
Independent | 2 (8) | 22 (88) | |
|
Can you pick up the food? |
Dependent | 3 (12) | 0 (0) | |
Verbal assistance | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.001 |
Some human help | 8 (32) | 0 (0) | |
Independent | 14 (55) | 25 (100) | |
|
Can you grasp utensils and cups? |
Dependent | 5 (20) | 0 (0) | |
Verbal assistance | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ≤0.001 |
Some human help | 16 (64) | 1 (4) | |
Independent | 4 (16) | 24 (96) | |
|
Can you get food on utensils? |
Dependent | 1 (4.0) | 0 (0) | |
Verbal assistance | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ≤0.001 |
Some human help | 14 (56) | 0 (0) | |
Independent | 10 (40) | 25 (100) | |
|
Can you bring food, utensils, cups to mouth? |
Dependent | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | |
Verbal assistance | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.017 |
Some human help | 6 (24) | 0 (0) | |
Independent | 18 (72) | 25 (100) | |
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Can you chew, swallow food and liquids? |
Dependent | 5 (20) | 0 (0) | |
Verbal assistance | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ≤0.001 |
Some human help | 8 (32) | 0(0) | |
Independent | 12 (48) | 25 (100) | |
|
Can you clean your mouth and hands as necessary following a meal? |
Dependent | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Verbal assistance | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ≤0.001 |
Some human help | 10 (40) | 0(0) | |
Independent | 15 (60) | 25 (100) | |
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Is there any weight loss during the last 3 months? |
No | 8 (32) | 6 (24) | |
Does not know | 3 (12) | 11 (44) | 0.039 |
Between 1 and 3 kg | 14 (56) | 8 (32) | |
>3 kg | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
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Has food intake declined over the past 3 months due to loss of appetite, digestive problems, chewing or swallowing difficulties? |
Severe loss of appetite | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Moderate loss of appetite | 12 (48) | 1 (4) | ≤0.001 |
No loss | 13 (52) | 24 (96) | |
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How many full meals do you eat daily? |
1 meal | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | |
2 meals | 10 (40) | 21 (84) | 0.002 |
3 meals | 15 (60) | 3 (12) | |
>3 meals | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
|
How many snacks do you eat daily? |
1 meal | 14 (56) | 10 (40) | |
2 meals | 11 (44) | 13 (52) | 0.243 |
3 meals | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | |
>3 meals | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
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How much vegetables being consumed per day? |
One | 10 (40) | 0 (0) | |
Two | 14 (56) | 5 (20) | ≤0.001 |
Three | 1 (4) | 15 (60) | |
> Three | 0 (0) | 5 (20) | |
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How much fruits being consumed per day? |
One | 23 (92) | 16 (64) | |
Two | 2 (8) | 9 (36) | 0.017 |
Three | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
> Three | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
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How much water is consumed per day? |
<3 cups | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | |
5 cups | 12 (48) | 0 (0) | ≤0.001 |
7 cups | 8 (32) | 14 (56) | |
>7 cups | 4 (16) | 11 (44) | |
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How much juice is consumed per day? |
None | 6 (24) | 8 (32) | |
One cup | 18 (72) | 16 (64) | 0.817 |
2 cups | 1 (4) | 1 (4) | |
>2 cups | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
|
How much milk is consumed per day? |
None | 5 (20) | 4 (16) | 0.933 |
One cup | 17 (68) | 18 (72) | |
2 cups | 3 (12) | 3 (12) | |
>2 cups | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
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How much tea and coffee consumed per day? |
None | 7 (28) | 0 (0) | ≤0.001 |
One cup | 12 (48) | 3 (12) | |
2 cups | 6 (24) | 14 (56) | |
>2 cups | 0(0) | 8 (32) | |
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How much white or brown bread consumed per day? |
None | 1 (4.0) | 0 (0) | |
<Loaf | 18 (72) | 11 (44) | 0.053 |
1–2 loaf | 6 (24) | 14 (56) | |
>2 loaf | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
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How much rice or spaghetti consumed per day? |
None | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
One cup | 17 (68) | 6 (24) | 0.002 |
2 cups | 8 (32) | 19 (76) | |
>2 cups | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
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How many serving of dairy products did you eat daily? |
None | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
1–2 serving | 24 (96) | 22 (88) | 0.297 |
3–4 serving | 1 (4) | 3 (12) | |
>4 serving | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
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How much meat or chicken or fish consumed per day? |
None | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
<1 piece | 13 (52) | 0 (0) | ≤0.001 |
1–2 piece | 12 (48) | 25 (100) | |
>2 serving | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
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How often do you eat eggs? |
None | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | |
One egg | 24 (96) | 18 (72) | 0.012 |
2–3 eggs | 0 (0) | 7 (28) | |
>3 eggs | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
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How often do you eat nuts like pistachios, cashews, hazelnuts, etc.? |
None | 18 (72) | 4 (16) | |
Once a day | 7 (28) | 14 (56) | ≤0.001 |
Twice a day | 0 (0) | 7 (28) | |
>2 a day | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
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