Research Article
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Older Primary Care Patients and Their Family Members
Table 1
Comparison of baseline characteristics.
| | Variables | Patient | Family member | | Recruited before COVID-19 n = 1118 (%) | Recruited during COVID-19 n = 691 (%) | -value | Recruited before COVID-19 n = 1118 (%) | Recruited during COVID-19 n = 691 (%) | -value |
| | Age in years, mean (SD) | 73.8 (6.0) | 73.6 (5.1) | 0.506 | 63.6 (13.1) | 65.1 (12.6) | 0.014 | | Sex | | Female | 589 (52.7) | 372 (53.8) | 0.633 | 769 (68.8) | 455 (65.8) | 0.185 | | Race | | African American | 186 (16.7) | 55 (8.0) | <0.001 | 184 (16.5) | 58 (8.4) | <0.001 | | White | 909 (81.5) | 627 (90.9) | | 908 (81.5) | 616 (89.5) | | | Other race | 20 (1.8) | 8 (1.2) | | 22 (2.0) | 14 (2.0) | | | Ethnicity | | Non-hispanic | 1105 (98.8) | 681 (98.7) | 0.790 | 1105 (99.0) | 685 (99.6) | 0.196 | | Education level | | High school or less | 233 (20.8) | 96 (13.9) | <0.001 | 199 (17.8) | 75 (10.9) | <0.001 | | Some college or college degree | 607 (54.3) | 351 (50.8) | | 630 (56.4) | 401 (58.0) | | | Postgraduate | 278 (24.9) | 244 (35.3) | | 288 (25.8) | 215 (31.1) | | | Income | | | 0.037 | | | 0.001 | | Comfortable | 878 (79.7) | 577 (84.0) | | 878 (80.3) | 589 (87.0) | | | Just enough to make ends meet | 186 (16.9) | 97 (14.1) | | 181 (16.5) | 79 (11.7) | | | Not enough to make ends meet | 38 (3.4) | 13 (1.9) | | 35 (3.2) | 9 (1.3) | | | Relationship to the patient | | | | | | 0.019 | | Spouse or partner | | | | 695 (62.2) | 477 (69.0) | | | Daughter or son | | | | 316 (28.3) | 162 (23.4) | | | Daughter in law or son in law | | | | 18 (1.6) | 7 (1.0) | | | Sibling | | | | 40 (3.6) | 27 (3.9) | | | Other | | | | 49 (4.4) | 18 (2.6) | | | Primary care clinic location | | | <0.001 | | | | | Rural | 164 (14.7) | 213 (30.8) | | | | | | Suburban | 554 (49.6) | 256 (37.0) | | | | | | Urban | 400 (35.8) | 222 (32.1) | | | | | | Mental health status depression | | | 0.041 | | | 0.554 | | None | 793 (70.9) | 525 (76.0) | | 875 (78.3) | 538 (77.9) | | | Mild depression | 236 (21.1) | 131 (19.0) | | 190 (17.0) | 110 (15.9) | | | Moderate depression | 62 (5.6) | 27 (3.9) | | 40 (3.6) | 32 (4.6) | | | Severe depression | 27 (2.4) | 8 (1.2) | | 13 (1.2) | 11 (1.6) | | | Anxiety | | | 0.107 | | | 0.084 | | None | 971 (86.8) | 619 (89.6) | | 946 (84.6) | 441 (86.0) | | | Mild anxiety | 106 (9.5) | 59 (8.5) | | 121 (10.8) | 74 (10.7) | | | Moderate anxiety | 22 (2.0) | 9 (1.3) | | 45 (4.0) | 15 (2.2) | | | Severe anxiety | 19 (1.7) | 4 (0.6) | | 6 (0.5) | 8 (1.2) | |
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