Correlation between Blood Activin Levels and Clinical Parameters of Type 2 Diabetes
Table 1
Subject characteristics.
Normal ()
IFG/IGT ()
T2D ()
value
Age (years)
57.0 ± 5.8
58.0 ± 7.1
62.6 ± 8.4
<0.05
Male gender (%)
38
35
64
—
WHR
0.88 ± 0.08
0.88 ± 0.07
0.95 ± 0.07
<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
27.4 ± 5.5
28.3 ± 3.1
30.0 ± 4.8
NS
History of smoking
13
8
16
—
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)
5.2 ± 0.5
5.7 ± 0.5
7.8 ± 2.3
<0.001
HbA1c (%)
5.6 ± 0.3
5.9 ± 0.3
7.3 ± 0.9
<0.001
Fasting insulin (mU/L)
5.5 ± 3.2
6.2 ± 2.5
8.6 ± 5.4
<0.001
HOMA-IR
1.3 ± 0.77
1.6 ± 0.66
3.1 ± 2.4
<0.001
AUCg†
872.0 ± 132.3
1075.5 ± 147.8
1399.5 ± 205.6
<0.001
History of hypertension
7
6
28
—
Total Chol (mmol/L)
5.2 ± 0.8
5.2 ± 1.0
4.4 ± 1.0
<0.001
LDL (mmol/L)
3.3 ± 0.77
3.1 ± 0.9
2.6 ± 0.9
<0.05
HDL (mmol/L)
1.5 ± 0.4
1.4 ± 0.4
1.1 ± 0.2
<0.001
TG (mmol/L)
1.0 ± 0.5
1.6 ± 0.7
1.5 ± 0.9
<0.05
Crcl (mL/min)
97.0 ± 33.4
99.2 ± 30.0
94.8 ± 40.6
NS
HsCRP (ng/mL)
3.0 ± 4.5
2.1 ± 3.8
2.7 ± 4.8
NS
Antihyperglycaemic use
0
0
24
—
Antihypertensive use
5
3
14
—
Activin A (pg/mL)
90.1 ± 24.8
89.6 ± 20.3
98.4 ± 31.6
NS
Activin B (pg/mL)
79.5 ± 29.5
76.1 ± 27.5
87.3 ± 33.8
NS
Follistatin (ng/mL)
6.2 ± 2.4
7.0 ± 2.5
6.7 ± 4.1
NS
WHR: waist to hip ratio; BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; AUCg: area under the curve for OGTT glucose levels; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; Chol: cholesterol; LDL: low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides; Crcl: creatinine clearance; HsCRP: human sensitive C-reactive protein. †Note that only four patients in the T2D patients group were given an OGTT, as most of these patients had a prior diagnosis of T2D. Data are mean ± SD. One way ANOVA was used for analysis. NS: .
