[Retracted] Existence and Uniqueness of Mild Solution for Fractional-Order Controlled Fuzzy Evolution Equation

Abstract

In this article, we investigated the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions for fractional-order controlled fuzzy evolution equations with Caputo derivatives of the controlled fuzzy nonlinear evolution equation of the form , in which , is the fuzzy metric space and is a real line interval. With the help of few conditions on functions , is control and it belongs to , , and stands for the highly continuous fuzzy differential equation generator. Finally, a few instances of fuzzy fractional differential equations are shown.

1. Introduction

A significant range of physical processes in real-world events may be modeled using dynamical equations with fractional-order derivatives. Fractional calculus authorizes the operations of differentiation and integration of fractional order. On imaginary and real values [1, 2], the fractional order can be used. The theory of fuzzy sets attracts researchers’ attention owing to its wide range of applications in domains such as signal processing, robotics and control, thermal systems, electrical engineering, and mechanics [3–9]. As a result, it has been noted that it has become a focus of rising attention among scholars in recent years.

Agarwal et al. [10] proposed the notion of the fractional differential equation in 2010. However, in terms of Hukuhara differentiability, this notion was unable to achieve the large and diversified behavior of the crisp solution at the time. However, Bede and Stefanini and Allahviranloo et al. [11, 12] developed the Riemann-Liouville -derivative in 2012, which was based on highly extended Hukuhara differentiability [13, 14]. They also defined the fractional derivative of Riemann-Liouville. See the references [15–17] for the most recent paper on fuzzy differential equations.

Kaleva [18] discovers features of differentiability fuzzy set-valued mappings using -differentiability. Puri and Ralescu [19] presented the uniqueness and existence theorem for the solution of the fuzzy differential equation as a result of it. where satisfies Lipschitz condition.

Moreover, the existence and uniqueness of a mild solution in details for fuzzy differential equations were studied by Melliani et al. [20].

With the help of the fuzzy initial condition, the work on linear time-invariant systems was done by Dubey and George [21].

In the above equation, control and are real matrices, . More results are given in references [21, 22].

In 2019, Melliani et al. [20] worked on controlled fuzzy evolution equation which is given below: where the intervalis on real line and fuzzy metric space is.

By the inspiration of the above works, we adopted the Caputo derivative to prove the uniqueness and existence for the below controlled fuzzy differential equation of fractional order where is a fuzzy metric space and is an interval of real line. With the help of few conditions on functions , where is control and it belongs to and denotes the generator of strongly continuous fuzzy differential equation. The purpose of this paper consists of the study of the existence of mild solution which depends on fuzzy differential equation of fractional order [23, 24].

The following is how the research was handled. Section 2 discusses several notations and useful concepts for fuzzy continuous semigroups and properties for fuzzy fractional differential equations. This study is based on a modified hypothesis in Section 3 and also works on a moderate solution for the system (5) and control continuity. Finally, in Section 4, we show some instances of our primary findings.

2. Preliminaries

In this section, we give basic knowledge and notation used in our work.

Suppose a family of all nonempty compact convex subsets of is denoted by and scalar multiplication and addition is also defined as . Let and be two nonempty bounded subsets of . Hausdorff metric is used to define the distance between and ,

In the above equation indicate usual Euclidean norm in , whereas becomes separable and complete metric space [19].

Denote

In the above equation, (i) is normal due to the exists an (ii) is fuzzy convex(iii) is upper semicontinuous function on (iv) is compact

represent. Then, from (i) to (iv), it shows, -level set for all .

Using the Zadeh extension concept, one can also have scalar multiplication and addition in fuzzy number space : where , and .

Define by notation

In the above equation, is Hausdorff metric for nonempty compact sets in . It is very simple to notice thatis metric in. By using result [19], now (i) is a complete metric space(ii)(iii) and

If we denote , then has properties of an usual norm on [25]: (i) if (ii)(iii)(iv) or

On , we can define subtraction , called H-difference [26] as below has sense if there exist , that is, .

Represent is continuous on , equipped with metric

Now, is a complete metric space.

Suppose if , then has properties of an usual norm on [25]: (i) if (ii)(iii)(iv) or ,

Definition 1. The mapping is Hukuhara differentiable at ifexists similar to the below limits: are equal and exist to.
We can remember some properties of integrability and measurability for fuzzy set-valued mappings [19].

Definition 2. The mappingis strongly measurable if for all, set-valued functiondefined byis Lebesgue measurable.
The mapping is known as integrably bounded if there exists an integrable function like .

Definition 3. Suppose . Then, integral of over represented by is defined Also, integrably bounded and strongly measurable mapping is said to be integrable over if and only if

Proposition 4 (Aumann [27]). If is strongly measurable and integrable bounded, then is integrable.

Proposition 5 (see [18]). Suppose is integrable and . Now, (i)(ii)(iii) is integrable(iv)

Definition 6 (fuzzy strongly continuous semigroups) [[28–30]]. family is a fuzzy strongly continuous semigroup of operators from into itself if (i) identity mapping on (ii)(iii)function , defined by at , is continuous, that is,(iv)There are two constants and likeSpecially if and , is a contraction fuzzy semigroup.

Remark 7. The condition (iii) implies function on is continuous.

Definition 8. Suppose is fuzzy strongly continuous semigroup on and . If for sufficiently small, Hukuhara difference exists, When this limit is in metric space , operator defined as is known as an infinitesimal generator of fuzzy semigroup .

Lemma 9. Supposeis a generator of the fuzzy semigroupand is a fuzzy strongly continuous semigroup on, that is,; mapping is differentiable.

Example 1. Define the family of operator by When is a fuzzy strongly continuous semigroup on , linear operator defined by is an infinitesimal generator.

Proposition 10. Suppose is a fuzzy strongly continuous semigroup on . Then, .

Proof. Let ; condition (iv) in definition (8) implies that there exist two constants and like or as . Then, as which implies , for all .

Lemma 11 (see [31, 32]). If , now (i)(ii), (iii)(iv), (v), provided differences and exist(vi) is a complete metric space

Lemma 12 (Gronwall lemma) [32]. Let , . Suppose that is increasing. If is a solution to inequality then

3. Main Results

To initiate this discussion, there is a need to make familiar concept of mild solution for problem (5), given that , , , is a generator of a strongly continuous fuzzy semigroup, input for each , and (.) is fuzzy-integrable in . As a result, it is required to comprehend the structure of equation (5).

Definition 13. is a mild solution of equation (5) if (i), (ii)

Lemma 14. If is a solution of equation (5) for , then is given: holds; then, where

Proof. Let . Applying the Laplace transform, where equation (24) becomes provided that the integrals in (28) exist, where is the identity operator defined on .
Set whose Laplace transform is Using (30), we get According to equations (31) and (32), Now, by invert Laplace transform, The proof is completed.

The concept of controllability that we provide here is the same as that provided by Dubey and George in [19].

Definition 15. Equation (5) with fuzzy initial condition is controllable to a fuzzy-state at if there is fuzzy-integrable control for ; similarly with this control, solution of problem (5) satisfies.

Let . Using the fixed point argument, we first investigate the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions. Let the assumptions be as follows:

On , the infinitesimal generator of the strongly continuous fuzzy semigroup .

is continuous, and there exist two constants ,

is continuous, and .

For is control and is fuzzy-integrable.

is continuous.

There exist constant ,

Theorem 16. Suppose that the conditions are satisfied. Then, for all such that , problem (5) has a unique mild solution on .

Proof. Change problem (5) into a fixed point problem. Suppose operator defined as is well defined and maps into itself. Indeed, for and is very small; now, Definitely, By dominated convergence theorem, From overhead, we infer, . For ; now, If , which represents that is a contraction. So there is a unique fixed point , , which implies that . Since is unique, then . It shows that is a unique mild solution of problem (5).
The below theorem gives comparison between the continuity of control and solution.

Theorem 17. Suppose that is a sequence of controls in like . Let conditions hold. Let be a mild solution of equation (5) corresponding to and be a mild solution corresponding to . If , .

Proof. . Since , hence,

We conclude the below result related to continuous dependence of a mild solution.

Theorem 18. Let the conditions hold. Let and be the mild solutions of equation (5) on corresponding to and , respectively.
If then

Proof. By using Gronwall inequality, Finally, we get

4. Examples

We present some examples of our main theorems in this section.

Example 2. Let a Cauchy problem for fuzzy fractional differential equation on , with initial condition where , and is a symmetric triangular fuzzy number. Take . Apparently, conditionsare satisfied. So, with respect to Theorem (16), the Cauchy problem has a unique and differential solution.

Example 3. Let a Cauchy problem for fuzzy fractional differential equation with initial condition where and is a symmetric triangular fuzzy number. Take . Apparently, conditionsare satisfied. Moreover, it is very simple to prove that condition holds. So, with respect to Theorem (17), the Cauchy problem has a unique and differential solution.

5. Conclusion

A controlled fuzzy evolution equation in fractional order will be examined in order to comprehend the random evolution of ride temperature using the Caputo derivative. We may achieve uniqueness and existence findings using the Caputo derivative. Future work might also involve broadening the notion proposed in this mission, adding observability, and generalizing other tasks [33, 34]. This is a promising field with a number of research efforts that might lead to a variety of applications and theories. This is a path to which we want to invest considerable resources.

Data Availability

The numerical data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.