Targeting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A Novel Antitumor Strategy

Figure 1

The protumoral effect of NETs. (a) NET-mediated macrophages provoked tumor-associated inflammation via IL-6 and TNF-α. (b) NET-derived TGF-β promotes the EMT of cancer cells. (c) NETs-derived DNA promotes cancer cell distant metastasis by binding DNA receptor CCDC25. (d) NETs induced naïve CD4⁺ T cells to differentiate into Tregs in a metabolism-dependent manner which suppressed Teffs. (e) The embedded PD-L1 in NETs inhibited the activation of T cells via PD-1. (f) NET-derived NE and MMP9 exposed a new epitope through the degradation of laminin-111, which awakened dormant cancer cells. (g) NET-insulated T cells and NK cells from cancer cells.