Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Locally Delivered Vitamin C in the Treatment of Persistent Gingival Inflammation: Clinical and Histopathological Study

Table 1

Microscopic features of preoperative and postoperative specimens are summarized.

Tissue components	Preoperative	1st postoperative	Postoperative
Surface epithelium
Epithelial thickness	Hyperplastic	Less hyperplastic	Almost normal
Intercellular edema	Severe	Markedly reduced	Absent
Epithelial cell vacuolization	Degenerated cells	Present	Present
Basal cell alignment	Crowded	Well aligned	Well aligned
Basement membrane	Masked in some areas	Detected	Well formed
Inflammatory infiltrate	Present in some area	Absent	Absent
Connective tissue
Acute inflammatory cells	Present in subepithelial CT	Absent	Absent
Chronic inflammatory cells	Present in subepithelial and deep CT	Present in deep CT	Present in deep CT
Collagen fibers	Few	More	Forming bundles
Blood vessels	Few and large	More	More
Subepithelial minute blood capillaries	Absent	Present	Numerous