Treatment for Osteoporosis among Women in Japan: Associations with Patient Characteristics and Patient-Reported Outcomes in the 2008–2011 Japan National Health and Wellness Surveys
Table 2
Adjusted odds ratios of current treatment among women aged 50 and older in Japan with diagnosed osteoporosis ().
Factor
OR
95% confidence interval
value
Low
High
Age (5-year increment)
1.045
0.924
1.181
0.486
Married/living with partner
1.080
0.763
1.529
0.665
University degree
1.015
0.665
1.550
0.945
Household income
Low income
Reference
High income
1.176
0.835
1.657
0.353
Declined to answer income
1.265
0.733
2.185
0.399
Cigarette smoking
Never smoker
Reference
Current smoker
0.810
0.476
1.379
0.438
Former smoker
1.321
0.827
2.110
0.244
Daily alcohol use
1.654
0.868
3.152
0.126
Exercise
1.048
0.761
1.443
0.774
BMI category
Underweight
1.162
0.727
1.859
0.530
Normal weight
Reference
Overweight or obese
0.719
0.435
1.19
0.199
Declined to answer weight
1.852
0.585
5.864
0.295
CCI
1.028
0.87
1.214
0.747
Completed menopause
1.587
1.084
2.323
0.018
On oral glucocorticoids
2.106
0.841
5.269
0.112
Back pain
1.237
0.761
2.011
0.390
Arthritis
0.654
0.435
0.982
0.040
Family history of osteoporosis
1.472
1.001
2.164
0.049
BMD scan history
Has had BMD scan
Reference
Never had BMD scan
0.749
0.405
1.385
0.357
Not sure of BMD scan
0.473
0.222
1.007
0.052
Previous fracture since age 50
1.26
0.905
1.756
0.172
Moderate or severe osteoporosis (relative to mild)
2.777
1.991
3.873
<0.001
Duration of osteoporosis (5-year increment)
0.857
0.745
0.986
0.031
Healthcare use
Visited physician (past 6 months)
5.374
3.007
9.604
<0.001
Visited ER (past 6 months)
0.842
0.456
1.555
0.583
Hospitalized (past 6 months)
0.926
0.513
1.670
0.798
CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; BMD: bone mineral density; ER: emergency room.
