Diabetes Mellitus is Associated with Poor Bone Microarchitecture in Older Adults Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities
Table 1
Participant characteristics: mean ± standard deviation or N (%).
Characteristics
Women (N = 433)
Men (N = 78)
All
DM (N = 105)
No DM (N = 328)
p value
All
DM (N = 18)
No DM (N = 60)
p value
Age
80.6 ± 8.0
71.2 ± 8.0
81.4 ± 7.8
0.0003
82.4 ± 8.3
79.7 ± 8.7
83.3 ± 8.0
0.1110
Race
0.0398
0.0998
Black
31 (7.2)
13 (12.4)
18 (5.5)
2 (2.6)
2 (11.1)
0 (0.0)
White
401 (92.6)
92 (87.6)
309 (94.2)
74 (94.9)
16 (88.9)
58 (96.7)
Others
1 (0.2)
0 (0.0)
1 (0.3)
2 (2.6)
0 (0.0)
2 (3.3)
Frailty
0.3884
0.2049
Nonfrail
190 (43.9)
41 (39.1)
149 (45.4)
29 (37.1)
8 (44.4)
21 (35.0)
Prefrail
208 (48.0)
53 (50.5)
155 (47.3)
45 (57.7)
8 (44.4)
37 (61.7)
Frail
35 (8.1)
11 (10.5)
24 (7.3)
4 (5.1)
2 (11.1)
2 (3.3)
BMI (kg/m2)
29.2 ± 6.7
31.5 ± 7.4
28.5 ± 6.4
0.0003
28.7 ± 5.6
29.1 ± 6.2
28.5 ± 5.4
0.7141
Gait speed (m/s)
0.80 ± 0.27
0.73 ± 0.27
0.82 ± 0.26
0.0064
0.87 ± 0.29
0.80 ± 0.30
0.90 ± 0.29
0.2210
ADL (0–14)
12.9 ± 1.4
12.6 ± 1.6
13.0 ± 1.4
0.0335
13.0 ± 1.6
13.0 ± 1.2
13.0 ± 1.8
0.9404
IADL (0–14)
12.5 ± 2.2
12.3 ± 2.2
12.6 ± 2.2
0.1907
12.8 ± 2.0
12.9 ± 2.0
12.8 ± 2.1
0.8492
MoCA (0–30)
24.3 ± 3.9
24.1 ± 4.0
24.4 ± 3.9
0.3870
24.2 ± 3.3
24.4 ± 3.4
24.1 ± 3.3
0.7374
DM = diabetes mellitus, BMI = body mass index, ADL = activities of daily living, IADL = instrumental activities of daily living, and MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
