The Effect of Cannabis on the Clinical and Cytokine Profiles in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Table 3
Analysis of serum cytokines in the study groups.
MS cases ()
MS/cannabis ()
Control ()
value
IL-1 (pg/ml)
<0.001a
<0.001c
<0.001d
0.001e
IL-2 (pg/ml)
<0.001a
<0.001c
<0.001d
<0.001e
IL-4 (pg/ml)
0.021a
0.128c
0.005d
0.075e
IL-6 (pg/ml)
<0.001a
<0.001c
<0.001d
<0.001e
IL-10 (pg/ml)
<0.001a
<0.001c
<0.001d
<0.001e
IL-12 (pg/ml)
<0.001a
<0.001c
<0.001d
<0.001e
IL-17 (pg/ml)
<0.001a
<0.001c
<0.001d
<0.001e
IL-22 (pg/ml)
<0.001a
<0.001c
<0.001d
<0.001e
TNF (pg/ml)
<0.001a
<0.001c
<0.001d
<0.001e
IFN-β1 (pg/ml)
0.094a
0.238c
0.054d
0.126e
IFN-γ (pg/ml)
0.005a
0.048c
<0.001d
0.001e
IL: interleukin; IFN: interferon; TNF: tumor necrosis factor. aOne-way ANOVA test/Kruskal-Wallis test. cComparison between MS cases and MS cases (chronic cannabis users). dComparison between MS cases and controls. eComparison between MS cases (chronic cannabis users) and controls.