Protective Effect of Phloretin against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage by Enhancing Autophagic Flux in DF-1 Cells

Figure 5

PHL ameliorates H₂O₂-blocked autophagy flux and lysosomal dysfunction in DF-1 cells. (a) Cells were cotreated with H₂O₂ plus autophagy activator Torin2 or autophagy inhibitor CQ, and PHL pretreatment followed by H₂O₂ plus Torin2 or CQ, LC3, and p62 levels were detected by western blotting and quantified from at least three independent experiments. (b) LysoTracker Red staining to evaluate lysosomal pH under a confocal laser-scanning microscopy and quantification of relative fluorescent intensity. (c) Western blot analysis for cathepsin D (CTSD) and cathepsin B (CTSB) protein expressions in DF-1 cells treated with H₂O₂ alone and 10 μM PHL pre-treatment followed by H₂O₂. , , vs. control group; ^&, ^&&01, ^&&& vs. H₂O₂-treated group.

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