| | Phytochemicals | Disease | Dose/route of administration | Assay | Protective effect | Mechanism | Ref. |
| | Nano-curcumin | Diabetes on hemodialysis (HD) | 80 mg/day, capsule, 12 weeks (RCT) | Gene expressions in PBMCs, blood sample | Antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory | (+) PPARγ mRNA, LDLR mRNA, HDL-cholesterol, TAC, total nitrite level
(-) FPG, insulin level, TC, TG, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio, hs-CRP, MDA | [201] | | Curcumin | Polycystic ovary syndrome | 500 mg/day, supplementary, 12 weeks (RCT) | Fasting blood sample, insulin and lipid metabolism gene expressions | Antiobesity, antidiabetic, lipid lowering | (+) PPARγ mRNA, LDLR mRNA, HDL cholesterol
(-) FPG, insulin level, HOMA-IR, TC, LDL-cholesterol, total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio | [202] | | Resveratrol + curcumin | Postprandial inflammation response in high-fat meal | 100/50 mg (Res/Cur), 2 capsule, 30 min before consuming the high-fat meal (RCT) | Blood sample, inflammatory markers, adhesion molecules, NFκB1, and PPARα | No impact on the postprandial inflammation response, have only small effects on endothelial function | (+) –
(-) sVCAM-1 iAUC
: PPARαand NFκB1 not changed | [203] | | Resveratrol | Type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease | 500 mg/day, capsule, 4 weeks (RCT) | Fasting blood sample, lipid, inflammation and oxidative markers, related gene expression | Antidiabetic, antioxidant, regulated dyslipidemia
Not effect on inflammatory markers | (+) PPARγ, SIRT1, QUICKI, HDL-C, TAC
(-) FPG,insulin, HOMA-IR, TC/HDL, MDA | [276] | | Naringenin | Diabetes | 150 mg, capsule, 3times/day, 8 weeks (a case) | Blood sample, respiratory quotient, insulin and metabolic markers | Reduced body weight and insulin resistance, increased metabolic rate | (+) PPARα,PPARγ, serum glucose,UCP1, CPT1β
(-) HOMA-IR, LDL-C | [204] | | Epigallocatechin gallate | Obesity | 150 mg, capsule, twice/day, 8 weeks (RCT) | Blood sample (enzyme and hormone assay), gene expression in adipocytes | Decreased blood pressure, no effects on obesity, lipolysis and browning of human white adipocytes | (+) -
(-) TG,serum kisspeptin
not effect on PPARγ and UCP1 expressions | [205] |
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