Research Article
Endoscopic Nipple- or Skin-Sparing Mastectomy and Immediate Breast Reconstruction with Endoscopic Harvesting of the Latissimus Dorsi Flap: A Preliminary Experience of an Innovative Technique
Table 2
Operative and perioperative data.
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SD: standard deviation; SLNB: sentinel lymph node biopsy; ALND: axillary lymph node dissection; NSM: nipple-sparing mastectomy; SSM: skin-sparing mastectomy; LDMF: latissimus dorsi muscle flap; USD: United States dollar. a There were two patients with no axillary surgery. One patient with multiple tumors was diagnosed with benign tumors with intraoperative frozen section; another patient had undergone traditional NSM, ALND, and expander breast reconstruction previously. b One patient had undergone NSM. Subcutaneous and muscular dissection is performed to enter the pocket and remove the tissue expander in this surgery. |