The Effect of Adjuvant Radiotherapy on One- and Two-Stage Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction and on Autologous Reconstruction: A Multicenter Italian Study among 18 Senonetwork Breast Centres
Table 3
Postoperative outcomes and complications by type of surgical procedure performed.
Variable
Overall cohort (3,119 pts)
Autologous reconstruction (187 pts)
Direct to implant (1,230 pts)
Tissue expander/immediate (1,702 pts)
value†
Outcomes
Failure (no reconstruction; n = 3,113)
72 (2.3)
4 (2.1)
33 (2.7)
35 (2.1)
0.54
Change in type of reconstruction (n = 3,041)
30 (1.0)
9 (4.9)
14 (1.2)
7 (0.4)
<0.001
Explant (n = 3,119)
265 (8.5)
7 (3.7)
173 (14.1)
85 (5.0)
<0.001
Reintervention (n = 3,119)
357 (11.5)
6 (3.2)
28 (2.3)
323 (19.0)
<0.001
Complications
Any complication (n = 3,118)
1,218 (39.1)
73 (39.0)
469 (38.1)
676 (39.7)
0.68
Severity of complications (n = 3,119)1
No complication
1,900 (60.9)
114 (61.0)
761 (61.9)
1,025 (60.9)
<0.001
Exclusively mild complications
321 (10.3)
33 (17.6)
91 (7.4)
197 (11.6)
Exclusively severe complications
598 (19.2)
9 (4.8)
253 (20.6)
336 (19.7)
Mild and severe complications
217 (7.0)
26 (13.9)
94 (7.6)
97 (5.7)
Severity unknown
83 (2.6)
5 (2.7)
31 (2.5)
47 (2.8)
Hematoma (n = 3,115)
111 (3.6)
14 (7.5)
34 (2.8)
63 (3.7)
0.005
Seroma (n = 3,114)
278 (8.9)
6 (3.2)
99 (8.1)
173 (10.2)
0.002
Cutaneous necrosis (n = 3,114)
193 (6.2)
28 (15.0)
77 (6.3)
88 (5.2)
<0.001
Any infection (n = 3,115)
144 (4.6)
12 (6.4)
43 (3.5)
89 (5.2)
0.041
Timing of infections (n = 3,115)
No infection
2,971 (95.4)
175 (93.6)
1,187 (96.5)
1,609 (94.8)
0.034
Early infection
42 (1.3)
6 (3.2)
8 (0.7)
28 (1.6)
Late infection
58 (1.9)
3 (1.6)
25 (2.0)
30 (1.8)
Early and late infection
1 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (0.0)
Timing unknown
43 (1.4)
3 (1.6)
10 (0.8)
30 (1.8)
Capsular contraction (n = 2,875)
674 (23.4)
NA
307 (25.0)
367 (22.3)
0.097
Implant exposure (n = 2,928)
69 (2.4)
NA
31 (2.5)
38 (2.2)
0.62
Implant rupture (n = 2,928)
30 (1.0)
NA
5 (0.4)
25 (1.5)
0.005
Liponecrosis (n = 177)
19 (10.7)
19 (10.7)
NA
NA
NA
Volume loss (n = 177)
15 (8.5)
15 (8.5)
NA
NA
NA
Pain (n = 177)
4 (2.3)
4 (2.3)
NA
NA
NA
Abdominal pain
4 (2.3)
4 (2.3)
NA
NA
NA
Lumbar pain
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
NA
NA
NA
Hernia (n = 177)
3 (1.7)
3 (1.7)
NA
NA
NA
Flap necrosis (n = 177)
NA
NA
NA
No
156 (88.1)
156 (88.1)
NA
NA
NA
Partial
16 (9.1)
16 (9.1)
NA
NA
NA
Full thickness
5 (2.8)
5 (2.8)
NA
NA
NA
Bulging (n = 177)
7 (4.0)
7 (4.0)
NA
NA
NA
Microvascular complications (n = 177)2
11 (6.2)
11 (6.2)
NA
NA
NA
Values are expressed as absolute frequency (percentage) for categorical variables and as median (interquartile range) for continuous variables. †Chi-squared test for categorical variables; Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables. 1Mild complications: hematoma, seroma, cutaneous necrosis, early infection, abdominal or lumbar pain, liponecrosis, and volume loss. Severe complications: late infection, capsular contraction, implant exposure, implant rupture, hernia, flap necrosis, bulging, and microvascular complications requiring surgery. 2Microvascular complication requiring surgery.
