VM and CM Universal Filters Based on Single DVCCTA

Table 5

Comparative study of the available similar type of single active element based CM filters.

Reference	Active element used and number of passive components	Grounded passive components	Availability of low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, notch, and all pass responses	No requirement of current inversion	No requirement of gain of input signal such as 2𝐼in and 3𝐼in	Output current at high impedance	Tunability	Simple/No matching condition
[11]	CCCCTA, 2	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
[13]	CCCDTA, 2	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
[19]	CCCDTA, 2	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
[20]	CCCCTA, 2	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Proposed	DVCCTA,3	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes