A computer program has been developed, which calculates any adjustable thin film resistor from simple input
data (electrical, geometrical, positional, orientational), punched on &#8220;input cards&#8221;. The &#8220;output cards&#8221;, which
contain the coordinates, are fed to a numerically controlled draughting machine, which produces either an
intermediate ink-on-paper drawing or the final cut-and-strip artwork. Our CAD method proceeds in several steps,
offering all the permitted solutions and providing for designer&#39;s options.

Marcel  Francois

Computer Aided Design of Adjustable Thin Film Resistors 

A range of films of mixed composition, prepared by arc plasma spraying, has been investigated. Both free powder
and powder in a plastic binder forming a rod have been used in the spray process. A variety of mixtures of
insulators, metals and semiconductors has been examined and it is shown that resistivity/temperature curves
for the specimens produced have in general two points of inflection, the temperatures of which vary with
composition. This allows prediction of a composition giving low T.C.R. at room temperatures for any given
metal/semiconductor combination. A qualitative theoretical model explaining this effect is presented. It has also
been demonstrated that a conductor/insulator combination need not necessarily exhibit a sharp transition.
This allows a broad range of resistance values to be obtained simply by varying composition.

D. P. H. Smith

J. C. Anderson

Plasma Sprayed Resistors

The demand for greater complexity in hybrid circuits requires new techniques to be applied to the production of
artwork. The paper discusses the use of a high precision pattern generator and the relevance of integrated circuit
CAD software to the production of hybrid circuits.

A. D. Milne

Design and Production of Hybrid Circuit Artwork

Progress in integration of passive components is of essential importance for many applications along with the high
integration rate of semiconductors. A further asset in view of the integration of passive components, like the field
of peripheral circuits, is a new technology on the base of low-cost plastic materials, called Sicufol&#174;. With this
new technology it is possible to integrate capacitors, coils and NiCr-resistors. Investigations shows that passive
components with very good properties can be produced. A summary of climatic tests carried out on NiCr-resistors
with Cu-contacts and capacitances are shown. HF-applications and some low frequency applications (e.g. a simple
resistor network) show that conventional or hybrid components can be soldered on plastic foils using this technology.

K. H. Houska

Foil Circuits

Ni film deposition by r.f. sputtering and etching conditions have been investigated. The contact resistance and
adhesion of this Ni layer deposited directly onto Ta2N films have also been studied in air and at elevated
temperatures. In this combination, the Ta2N/Ni interdiffusion analysis was carried out by the Secondary Ion
Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS).

S. Abdin

A. Huber

G. Morillot

C. Val

Properties of Nickel Films Prepared by R.F. Sputtering and Interdiffusion Analysis of Ta2N–Ni Films

The current noise indices (C.N.I.) depend linearly on the logarithmic values of sheet resistivity <mml:math id="E1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mo>⁡</mml:mo><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:msub><mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi><mml:mi>S</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>, in both carbon black/resin and thallium oxide/glass resistors, and can be expressed as 
<mml:math id="E2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>.N</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>.I</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>.</mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mo>⁡</mml:mo><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:msub><mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi><mml:mi>S</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>. The geometrical dependency on C.N.I. in both types of resistor can be expressed as 
<mml:math id="E3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>.N</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>.I</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>.</mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mo>′</mml:mo><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mo>′</mml:mo><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mo>⁡</mml:mo><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>W</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>, where A, B, A′ and B′ are constants.
The dependency of noise e.m.f. (<mml:math id="E4" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>) on the applied dc voltage (V), i.e., the values of <mml:math id="E5" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:math> in <mml:math id="E6" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="true">¯</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo>∝</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>, can be obtained from the slope of C.N.I. versus <mml:math id="E7" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mo>⁡</mml:mo><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> lines, associated with a model based on the noise generator approximation.

Shen-Li Fu

Toyotaro Shiramatsu

Tien-Shou Wu

Current Noise of Resin Type and Cermet Type Thick Film Resistors

The application of hybrid thickfilm technology to the realization of precise active RC filters with passband
frequencies up to 3.5 kHz is described and it is shown that relatively expensive thin-film technology can often
be replaced by the simpler thickfilm process.

E.  M&#252;ller

M.  Gloger

E.  Schmidt

W.  Ulbrich

Precision Thickfilm Active RC Filters

After experimental work has been carried out to determine the required constants, the resistor film temperature
may be calculated from its dimensions and power dissipation using an expression which takes account of, and makes
a reasonably good approximation for, the heat dissipated by lateral conduction. The arithmetic is simple and well
suited to rapid processing using a programmed electronic calculator.

H. T. Law

A Rating Criterion for Film Resistors

This paper discusses the problems involved in obtaining reliable and reproducible thin films of Sb-doped
SnO2 films by the d.c. sputtering process. An attempt to characterize the process is made by correlating the
deposition parameters with the factors that contribute to the conductivity of the SnO2 films. The areas of
concern are identified, and guidelines are offered for making the process and the film properties controllable.

Anant G. Sabnis

D.C. Sputtering Process: Its Characterization and its Problems When Applied to Tin-Dioxide Thin-Films

The electrical properties of resistors comprising finely divided CdO and cadmium glass, were investigated. The
change in a temperature coefficient of resistance from about &#8722;500 ppm/&#8451; to +70 ppm/&#8451; was realized by addition
of a further component to the resistor paste. Differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning
electron microscopy were used for studying crystalline phases in glass containing CdO.

R.  Ku&#382;el

J.  Broukal

Preparation and Properties of Thick Film Resistors Containing Cadmium Glasses and Cadmium Oxide

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Active and Passive Electronic Components provides a forum for the science and technology of all types of electronic components, and publishes experimental and theoretical papers on topics such as transistors, hybrid circuits and sensors.

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Active and Passive Electronic Components

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