Effects of Hypertension and Exercise on Cardiac Proteome Remodelling

Figure 2

Workflow in cardiac proteome research. Figure 2 presents an overview of proteomic tools that may be used in cardiac proteome research. Starting by samples separation where heart tissue may be separated according to the research interest, followed by total protein extraction or subproteome profiling (e.g., organelle enrichment). Moreover, after protein extraction, several proteomic tools (e.g., gel-based and gel-free) may be used for qualitative and/or quantitative (relative and/or absolute) proteome analysis and identification through mass spectrometry (MS). Lower panel indicates some protein targets (metabolic, contractile, stress-, and signalling related) associated with cardiac hypertrophy or modulated by hypertrophic process. α-enolase(P) (phosphorylated alpha-enolase) and cTnL(P) (phosphorylated cardiac troponin I), SCAD (short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase), NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), CK (creatine kinase), TPI (triose phosphate isomerase), GSTM2 (glutathione S-transferase Mu 2), ETF-α (electron transfer flavoprotein-alpha), Hadha (3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase), NDUFA10 (NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex 10), HSP20 (heat shock protein 20), αB-crystalline, ANF (atrial natriuretic peptide), MyHC (myosin heavy chain), MyLC (myosin light chain), desmin, and HFABP (heart-type fatty acid binding protein).