Children's Use of Arithmetic Shortcuts: The Role of Attitudes in Strategy Choice

Table 2

Percentage shortcut use in the pretest, first posttest (familiar problems), and second posttest (transfer problems) for the sequential and concurrent groups in each grade.

		Session
		Pretest	1st posttest	2nd posttest	Pretest	1st posttest	2nd posttest
Grade 2	𝑛	Inversion			Associativity
Sequential	13	42.3 (11.1)	51.0 (11.1)	42.3 (8.6)	15.4 (8.8)	22.1 (11.1)	6.7 (4.8)
Concurrent	11	31.8 (12.0)	50.0 (12.1)	29.5 (7.3)	11.4 (8.8)	21.6 (12.1)	5.6 (3.9)
Grade 3
Sequential	16	57.0 (10.0)	75.8 (10.0)	53.9 (10.1)	35.2 (7.2)	48.4 (10.0)	29.7 (10.0)
Concurrent	19	51.3 (9.1)	68.4 (9.2)	40.8 (7.5)	30.9 (6.7)	44.1 (9.2)	12.5 (4.8)
Grade 4
Sequential	23	37.0 (8.3)	70.1 (8.3)	48.9 (6.3)	18.5 (6.1)	41.3 (8.3)	21.7 (5.4)
Concurrent	20	42.5 (8.9)	64.4 (9.0)	41. (7.8)	13.8 (6.5)	37.5 (8.9)	17.5 (5.5)

Note. Standard errors are in parentheses.