The Impact on Child Developmental Status at 12 Months of Volunteer Home-Visiting Support

Table 2

Comparisons between groups in mean characteristics of the children, mothers, and the home environment of families seen at both research visits, when infants were 2 and 12 months of age (standard deviations or percentages in brackets).

	Correlation coefficient with 12-month Bayley MDI; 𝑁=250	Intervention group: supported mean; 𝑁=92	Intervention group: not supported mean; 𝑁=66	Matched control group mean; 𝑁=92	Intervention supported versus; intervention not supported	Intervention-; supported versus; matched controls
Infant 2 months old
Mean maternal depression (EPDS)^1	−.14*	8.2 (5.8)	7.9 (5.7)	6.8 (4.9)	𝑡=.33 n.s.	𝑡=1.84 n.s.
Mean parenting distress (PSI)^2	−.22**	72.6 (16.4)	70.8 (15.9)	67.5 (15.6)	𝑡=.75 n.s.	𝑡=2.14; 𝑃<.05
Mean HOME^3 environment	.14*	32.3 (5.1)	31.8 (5.5)	33.2 (5.6)	𝑡=.63 n.s	𝑡=−1.09 n.s.
Mean child difficult temperament (ICQ)^4	−.15*	2.9 (.76)	2.7 (.78)	2.7 (.72)	𝑡=.83 n.s.	𝑡=1.13 n.s.
Infant 12 months old
Mean maternal depression (EPDS)	−.08	7.0 (5.9)	6.8 (5.0)	6.3 (5.4)	𝑡=.19 n.s.	𝑡=.77 n.s.
Mean parenting distress (PSI)	−.16*	66.5 (14.4)	66.9 (15.6)	66.9 (17.7)	𝑡=.62 n.s.	𝑡=−.16 n.s.
Mean HOME environment	.33**	38.4 (5.0)	38.3 (4.5)	39.6 (3.9)	𝑡=.13 n.s.	𝑡=−1.78 n.s.
Mean child difficult temperament (ICQ)	−.07	2.8 (.73)	2.9 (.68)	2.8 (.64)	𝑡=−.10 n.s.	𝑡=.78 n.s.

*Correlation coefficient is significant at 𝑃<.05, **correlation coefficient is significant at 𝑃<.01.
¹Edinburgh postnatal depression scale [42].
²Parenting stress index [43].
³Home observation for measurement of the environment [44].
⁴Infant characteristics questionnaire [45].