Instructional Quality and Attitudes toward Mathematics: Do Self-Concept and Interest Differ across Students' Patterns of Perceived Instructional Quality in Mathematics Classrooms?

Table 1

Model fit indices for 2–5 class solutions of students’ perceived characteristics of instructional quality with and without covariates (gender and age).

Number of classes	Without covariates				With covariates
	2	3	4	5	2	3	4	5
AIC	4526.28	4392.59	4320.60	4278.15	4505.44	4372.51	4298.91	4260.15
BIC	4627.47	4546.39	4527.02	4537.18	4618.70	4546.44	4533.52	4555.44
ABIC	4548.13	4425.81	4365.17	4334.09	4529.84	4409.99	4349.46	4323.78
Entropy	0.827	0.850	0.822	0.847	0.826	0.848	0.830	0.852
aLMR	0.024	0.379	0.365	0.729	0.040	1.000	1.000	1.000

Note. AIC: Akaike’s information criteria. BIC: Bayesian information criteria. ABIC: sample-size-adjusted Bayesian information criterion. aLMR LRT: Lo-Mendell-Rubin adjusted likelihood ratio test.