Modelling the Trend and Determinants of Breastfeeding Initiation in Nigeria
Table 1
Frequency (percentage in parenthesis) distribution of determinants of breastfeeding initiation across the three levels of breastfeeding initiation periods for 30,475 surveyed samples.
Determinants (factors)
Factors’ levels
Timing of breastfeeding initiation
Total
value
Early (0)
Delayed (1)
30,475 (100%)
11,278 (37%)
19,197 (63%)
Child’s sex
Male (ref)
5,660 (36.7%)
9,769 (63.3%)
15,429 (50.6%)
0.237*
Female
5,618 (37.3%)
9,428 (62.7%)
15,046 (49.4%)
Mother’s educational status
No education (ref)
5138 (33.0%)
10,424 (67.0%)
15,562 (51.1%)
<0.001
Primary
2,890 (40.3%)
4,273 (59.7%)
7,163 (23.5%)
Secondary
2,615 (40.3%)
3,873 (59.7%)
6,488 (21.3%)
Higher
635 (50.3%)
627 (49.7%)
1,262 (4.1%)
Partner’s educational status
No education (ref)
4,111 (32.5%)
8,539 (67.5%)
12,650 (42.7%)
<0.001
Primary
2,528 (37.6%)
4,189 (62.4%)
6,717 (22.7%)
Secondary
2,888 (40.0%)
4,334 (60.0%)
7,222 (24.4%)
Higher
1,433 (47.7%)
1,571 (52.3%)
3,004 (10.2%)
Locality
Urban (ref)
3,554 (39.4%)
5,472 (60.6%)
9,026 (29.6%)
<0.001
Rural
7,724 (36.0%)
13,725 (64.0%)
21,449 (70.4%)
Place of delivery
Hospitals (ref)
4,300 (42.0%)
5,948 (58.0%)
10,248 (34.3%)
<0.001
Homes
6,745 (34.3%)
12,911 (65.7%)
19,656 (65.7%)
Method of delivery
Normal (ref)
11,006 (37.1%)
18,654 (62.9%)
29,660 (97.9%)
<0.001
Caesarean
201 (31.9%)
429 (68.1%)
630 (2.1%)
Birth type
Twin/multiple (ref)
241 (35.5%)
437 (64.5%)
678 (2.2%)
0.425*
Singleton
11,037 (37.0%)
18,760 (63.0%)
29,797 (97.8%)
Mother’s age at birth (mab)
15–19 years (ref)
621 (28.8%)
1,534 (71.2%)
2,155 (7.1%)
<0.001
20–24 years
2,117 (34.4%)
4,035 (65.6%)
6,152 (20.2%)
25–29 years
3,239 (38.7%)
5,130 (61.3%)
8,369 (27.5%)
30–34 years
2,424 (39.0%)
3,787 (61.0%)
6,211 (20.4%)
35–39 years
1,678 (38.9%)
2,634 (61.1%)
4,312 (14.1%)
40–44 years
829 (36.5%)
1,440 (63.5%)
2,269 (7.4%)
≥40 years
370 (36.7%)
637 (63.3%)
1007 (3.3%)
Birth order
2nd or higher order
9,484 (37.9%)
15,556 (62.1%)
25,040 (82.2%)
<0.001
1st born
1,794 (33.0%)
3,641 (67.0%)
5,435 (17.8%)
Assisted delivery
Assisted
9,341 (37.7%)
1,542 (62.3%)
24,762 (81.5%)
<0.001
Not assisted
1,908 (34.0%)
3,710 (66.0%)
5,618 (18.5%)
Geopolitical zones
North-Central
3,090 (51.8%)
2,880 (48.2%)
5,970 (19.5%)
<0.001
North-East
1,866 (26.5%)
5,179 (73.5%)
7,045 (23.1%)
North-West
2,562 (32.2%)
5,404 (67.8%)
7,966 (26.1%)
South-East
1,371 (37.2%)
2,315 (62.8%)
3,686 (10.5%)
South-South
1,482 (47.4%)
1,644 (52.6%)
3,126 (10.3%)
South-West
907 (33.8%)
1,775 (66.2%)
2,682 (8.8%)
Antenatal visits
No (ref)
3,424 (32.8%)
7,024 (67.2%)
10,448 (39.2%)
<0.001
Yes
6,355 (39.2%)
9,854 (60.8%)
16,209 (60.8%)
The value is from Pearson chi-square test of independence. The symbol (*) indicates that the chi-square test of independence is not significant at 5% level. (ref) indicates the reference category of a factor as used in fitting the logit model.
