Modelling the Trend and Determinants of Breastfeeding Initiation in Nigeria
Table 3
Results of logistic regression model of timing of breastfeeding initiation on some sociodemographic and maternal factors. The odds ratio (OR), standard error, value, 95% confidence intervals, and the percentage change in odds ratio for unit change in the level of each of the risk factors are presented.
Risk factor
Risk factor levels
Odds ratio (OR) exp(B)
s.e.(B)
value
95% C.I. for exp(B)
% change in OR
Lower
Upper
Year
Year 1990 (ref)
Year 1999
0.726
0.049
<0.001
0.659
0.799
−27.4
Year 2008
0.718
0.032
<0.001
0.674
0.765
−28.2
Mother’s education status
No Education (ref)
Higher
0.769
0.076
0.001
0.663
0.892
−23.1
Partner’s education status
No Education (ref)
Higher
0.740
0.050
<0.001
0.672
0.816
−26.0
Locality
Urban (ref)
Rural
1.119
0.033
0.001
1.049
1.194
+11.9
Mother’s age at birth
15–19 years (ref)
25–29 years
0.923
0.031
0.010
0.868
0.981
−7.7
>40 years
1.144
0.045
0.003
1.047
1.249
+14.4
Birth order
2nd and higher (ref)
First born
1.153
0.043
0.001
1.060
1.255
+15.3
Place of delivery
Hospitals (ref)
Homes
1.117
0.036
0.002
1.040
1.199
+11.7
Method of delivery
Normal (ref)
Caesarean
1.581
0.100
<0.001
1.299
1.925
+58.1
Got delivery assistance
No (ref)
Yes
0.914
0.038
0.018
0.848
0.985
−8.6
Antenatal visits
No (ref)
Yes
0.916
0.035
0.013
0.855
0.981
−8.4
Geopolitical zones
North-Central (ref)
North-West
2.202
0.041
<0.001
2.031
2.386
+120.2
North-East
3.094
0.041
<0.001
2.854
3.355
+209.4
South-East
1.902
0.049
<0.001
1.727
2.094
+90.2
South-South
1.387
0.051
<0.001
1.254
1.534
+38.7
South-West
2.657
0.058
<0.001
2.370
2.979
+165.7
Birth type
Twin/Multiple (ref)
Singleton
0.834
0.100
0.069*
0.691
1.032
−16.6
Number of children living with mothers
0.951
0.009
<0.001
0.934
0.968
−4.9
Number of births in past year
1.073
0.027
0.010
1.017
1.131
+7.3
Constant
1.428
0.124
0.004
The positive (+) or negative (−) signs represent positive or negative % changes in the OR which, respectively, reflected an increased or decreased risk of delaying breastfeeding initiation by nursing mothers due to the impact of the associated factor level. *indicates that the result is significant at 10% level.
