Lost in Translation? Comparing British, Japanese, and Italian Children’s Theory-of-Mind Performance

Table 3

Standardized WLSMV estimates of factor loadings for the theory-of-mind latent factor.

	Total Sample	Multiple-groups CFA
		UK	Japan	Italy
First-order false belief (nice surprise)	.75	.65	.92	.75
First-order false belief (nasty surprise)	.81	.69	.86	.78
First-order false belief (chocolate)	.82	.98	.76	.86
First-order false belief (puppy)	.84	.71	.82	.97
Infer emotion from false belief (nice)	.68	.63	.92	.65
Infer emotion from false belief (nasty)	.39	.44	.25^+	.61
Second-order false belief (chocolate)	.78	.75	.75	.87
Second-order false belief (puppy)	.89	.89	.79	.93

Note: ⁺𝑃<.01. All other loadings are significant, 𝑃<.001.