The Use of Causal Language and Filled Pauses in Children with and without Autism

Table 1

Means and standard deviations of typically developing children (TD, ) and children with high-functioning autism (HFA, ): age, TOLD-P4/I4, TONI-3, and CCC-2 scores (sum of scaled pragmatic scores). Group means compared with independent two-tailed -tests.

	Children with HFA	Children with TD	Group difference
	Mean (SD), range	Mean (SD), range
Age in months	93.6 (9.33), 85–113	98.1 (5.41), 87–107	n.s.
TOLD standard score	102.4 (14.56), 85–122	106.1 (11.09), 87–129	n.s.
TONI standard score	102.0 (8.66), 97–121	106.7 (19.25), 85–150	n.s.
CCC-2 pragmatic composite	21.0 (6.90), 12–29	44.7, (9.48), 24–56

Missing data from two participants.