Research Article

South Korean Teachers’ Perceptions of Integrating Information and Communication Technologies into Literacy Instruction

Table 3

Extent that respondents perceived selected factors to be obstacles to ICT integration.

Potential obstaclesSouth Korea
M (SD)
USA
M (SD)

Difficulty controlling what information students access online2.24 (0.87)0.92 (0.90)16.45**
Lack of technical support2.18 (0.93)1.58 (1.10)6.18**
Lack of support from administrators2.17 (0.94)0.90 (1.04)13.77**
Lack of time during a class period2.02 (1.04)1.85 (1.06)1.80
Lack of time to integrate technology because of the amount of time required to prepare students for high stakes testing1.98 (1.03)1.29 (1.13)6.88**
Lack of professional development on how to integrate technology1.97 (1.00)1.63 (1.08)3.54**
Lack of time to prepare for using technology1.95 (1.02)1.46 (1.10)5.01**
Difficulty managing the classroom when students are working on computers1.82 (1.11)0.52 (0.77)18.06**
Lack of incentives to use technology1.74 (1.03)1.01 (1.02)8.00**
Lack of understanding of copyright issues1.66 (0.96)0.62 (0.78)14.59**
Lack of access to technology1.56 (1.04)1.73 (1.13)−1.69
Not knowing how to evaluate or assess students when they work online1.53 (1.02)0.93 (0.89)7.44**
Lack of time to teach students the basic computer skills needed for more complex tasks1.50 (1.03)1.35 (1.10)1.53
Not knowing how skilled students are at using technology1.49 (1.01)0.82 (0.87)8.49**
Not knowing how to incorporate technology and still teach content standards1.47 (1.06)0.89 (0.92)6.95**
Lack of understanding of how to integrate technology into literacy instruction1.46 (1.06)0.83 (0.88)7.86**
Considering technology to be unreliable1.40 (0.86)0.74 (0.82)8.96**
Thinking that technology doesn’t fit my beliefs about learning1.24 (1.05)0.29 (0.63)15.70**
Thinking that technology integration isn’t useful1.11 (0.99)0.17 (0.50)18.79**
Internet text seemingly too difficult for students to read1.10 (0.89)0.87 (0.91)2.83**
Not knowing how to use technology0.96 (1.00)0.65 (0.84)4.06**

Note. **.