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Number of participants | Teaching experience | | Preservice teachers | In-service teachers | | Novice teachers | Experienced teachers (>5 years) | Combination of novice and experienced teachers | Years of experience unknown |
| | 1 | Abramovich and Cho [89], Halai and Khan [81], and Halim et al. [69] | Jang [43]; Justi and van Driel [26], Osmonda and Goodnoughb [87], and Schneider [77] | Goodnough [86], Oshima et al. [83], Seymour and Lehrer [96], and Watters and Ginns [79] | | Peng [95] |
| | 2–5 | Aydin et al., [31, 32], Nilsson and van Driel [75], Imre and Akkoç [91], and Zembal-Saul et al. [78] | Achinstein and Fogo [108], Justi and van Driel [30], and Williams et al. [109] | Appleton [72], Park and Oliver [44], and Rozenszajn and Yarden [71] | Bentley [107], Jang et al. [70] | Dotger [85] |
| | 6–10 | De Jong and van Driel [21], Hume and Berry [64, 82], Jenkins [92], Jenkins and Veal [97], Rovegno [98], Smith and Place [106], and Weber et al. [55] | | Bertram and Loughran [80], Eylon and Bagno [68], Mamlok-Naaman et al. [67], and Shanahan and Tochelli [105] | Arbaugh and Brown [19], Goodnough and Hung [33], Kanter and Konstantopoulos [27], Koellner et al. [93], Monet and Etkina [46], Smith and Neale [22], and Wahbeh and Abd-El-Khalick [23] | Lee [74] |
| | 11–20 | Davis [45], De Jong et al. [52], and Hume [65, 66] | Halim et al. [69] | van Driel et al. [84] | Burton [24], Derry et al. [25], Hunuk et al. [99], and Tirosh et al. [88] | Polly [102], Rodrigues et al. [38] |
| | 21–50 | Beyer and Davis [36], Brody and Cohen [100], Kinach [54], Lin [90], Nilsson and Loughran [53], Nilsson [76], Spear-Swerling [47], Sperandeo-Mineo et al. [29], and Tirosh [49] | | Roth et al. [40] | | Major and Palmer [110], Watson and Beswick [34] |
| | 51–100 | Harr et al. [39], Henning and Yendol-Hoppey [101], and Strawhecker [48] | Luft et al. [42] | Dash et al. [20], Kelani and Khourey-Bowers [103] | McNeill and Knight [51] | Juang et al. [111], Khourey-Bowers and Fenk [28], Leikin [94], and Santagata et al. [50] |
| | >100 | Capraro et al. [41], Michalsky [37], and Buchholtz and Kaiser [35] | | | | Ormrod and Cole [104] |
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