The Better You Feel the Better You Learn: Do Warm Colours and Rounded Shapes Enhance Learning Outcome in Multimedia Learning?

Table 1

Descriptive statistics of affect and performance .

	Number of items	Control condition		PA condition		Internal consistencies
		M	SD	M	SD
Positive affect
Pre	10	65.38	9.07	67.39	9.03	.84
Post	10	64.20	9.96	66.26	11.23	.90
Negative affect
Pre	10	12.10	10.61	10.86	10.93	.85
Post	10	12.31	10.98	11.51	12.19	.88
Mastery goal orientation
Pre	7	50.30	17.37	55.05	16.69	.82
Post	7	48.06	20.23	49.69	16.82	.87
Performance approach goal orientation
Pre	5	45.69	20.67	50.12	16.81	.81
Post	5	42.90	23.72	47.03	19.02	.86
Performance avoidance goal orientation
Pre	7	41.48	23.74	42.12	22.52	.91
Post	7	38.24	26.88	39.98	24.31	.95
Learning performance
Comprehension	12	.54	.18	.57	.16	.61
Transfer	2	2.01	.71	2.21	.40	.81

Interrater reliability Cohen’s kappa based on 20 participants selected randomly from the total sample.