Bioactivity of Nonedible Parts of Punica granatum L.: A Potential Source of Functional Ingredients

Table 3

Zone of inhibition or minimum growth (mm) by various parts of Punica granatum on S. mutans, S. mitis, and L. acidophilus.

	Mean zone of inhibition ± SD (mm)
	Streptococcus mutans	Streptococcus mitis	Lactobacillus acidophilus
Extract only
Peel	19.75±0.50^∗∗∗	25.00±0.00^∗∗∗	14.75±2.22^∗
Flower	12.25±0.50^∗	14.75±0.50^∗∗∗	8.38±0.75
Leaf	16.00±0.00^∗∗∗	18.25±0.50^∗∗∗	8.75±0.50
Stem	14.75±0.50^∗∗∗	19.00±1.15^∗∗∗	8.75±0.50
Extract + ciprofloxacin
Peel	10.75±0.96	22.41±1.41^##	11.50±1.00^#
Flower	11.25±0.96	13.00±0.00^##	8.13±1.03
Leaf	12.50±0.58^##	18.82±0.82^##	8.25±0.50
Stem	10.0±0.0	12.08±0.58^#	9.25±1.26
Ciprofloxacin	10.25±0.50	8.75±1.26	8.75±0.50

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Significance compared to ciprofloxacin (positive control): 𝑃<0.05^∗,#, 𝑃<0.01^##, 𝑃<0.001^∗∗∗.