Review Article
Roots and Tuber Crops as Functional Foods: A Review on Phytochemical Constituents and Their Potential Health Benefits
Table 1
Nutritional composition of selected tuber crops.
| Nutrients (per 100 g) | Potatoes | Sweet potatoes, raw | Cassava, raw | Yam, raw | White flesh and skin, raw | Red flesh and skin, raw |
| Proximate composition | | | | | | Energy (kcal) | 69.0 | 70 | 86.0 | 160.0 | 118.0 | Protein (g) | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.5 | Total lipid (fat) (g) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | Carbohydrate, by difference (g) | 15.7 | 15.9 | 20.1 | 38.1 | 27.9 | Fibre, total dietary (g) | 2.4 | 1.7 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 4.1 | Sugars, total (g)g | 1.2 | 1.3 | 4.2 | 1.7 | 0.5 | Minerals | | | | | | Calcium, Ca (mg) | 9 | 10 | 30 | 16 | 17 | Magnesium, Mg (mg) | 21 | 22 | 25 | 21 | 21 | Potassium, K (mg) | 407 | 455 | 337 | 271 | 816 | Phosphorus, P (mg) | 62 | 61 | 47 | 27 | 55 | Sodium, Na (mg)m | 16 | 18 | 55 | 14 | 9 | Vitamins | | | | | | Total ascorbic acid (mg) | 19.70 | 8.60 | 2.40 | 20.60 | 17.10 | Thiamin (mg) | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.11 | Riboflavin (mg) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.03 | Niacin (mg) | 1.07 | 1.15 | 0.56 | 0.85 | 0.55 | Vitamin B-6 (mg) | 0.203 | 0.170 | 0.209 | 0.088 | 0.293 | Folate (μg-DFE) | 18 | 18 | 11 | 27 | 23 | Vitamin E (mg) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.35 | Vitamin K (μg) | 1.6 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.3 | Vitamin A (IU)IU | 8 | 7 | 14187 | 13 | 138 |
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Source: USDA [105].
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