[Retracted] Hyperglycemia Induces Toll-Like Receptor-2 and -4 Expression and Activity in Human Microvascular Retinal Endothelial Cells: Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy

Figure 5

(a) TLR-4 inhibition by TAK 242 attenuates downstream inflammatory biomediators: HMVRECs were serum starved for 2 hours and treated with 0.5 and 1 M TAK-242 for 2 hours. Thereafter 5.5 and 25 mM glucose treatments were performed as described in Figure 3. (I) NF-B, (II) IL-8, (III) TNF-, and (IV) MCP-1 levels are significantly decreased upon TLR-4 inhibition compared to HG treatment. versus control, versus 25 mM, and versus 0.5 M TAK242. (b) Cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 attenuation upon TAK 242 treatment. HMVRECs were serum starved for 2 hours and treated with 0.5 and 1 M TAK-242 for 2 hours. Thereafter 5.5 and 25 mM glucose treatments were performed as described in Figure 4. Adhesion molecules (I) ICAM-1 and (II) VCAM-1 levels are significantly decreased upon TAK242 treatment. versus control and versus 25 mM. (III) Adhesion assay showing decreased cell adhesion with TLR-4 inhibition. versus control, versus 25 mM, and versus 25 mM.

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