References Type of trial Patients Antigen source DC maturation Administration Immune response Clinical responses [54 ] Case report
recurrent GBMAcid eluted peptides from allogenic GBM none ID (3 injections) TI T cells No survival benefit [55 ] Phase I
progressive HGG 5 GBM, 2 AA, 1 AO after RT and/or CTFusion of ATC with DC none ID (1 to 7 injections) Increased CD56 in PBL (4/5) ATR PBMC (6/6) (IFNγ ELISA) 1MR, 4SD (GBM) 2SD (AA, AO) [56 ] Phase I
newly diagnosed HGG: 7 GBM, 2 AA after RTAntigens eluted from ATC none ID (3 injections) ATR PBMC (4/7) (lytic activity) TI CD4, CD8, CD45RO cells (2/4) Median survival after IT: 455 versus 257 days (GBM) [57 ] Phase I/II
HGG 7 GBM after RT,3 recurrent GIIIATC lysates+ KLH none ID and/or IC (1 to 10 injections) DTH (3/6) Increased CD56 (5/5); CD8, CD16, CD19 (4/5) in PBLATR PBMC (2/5) (IFNγ ELISPOT) TI CD4, CD8 cells (2/2) 2 MR, 2SD (GBM), 2SD (GIII) OS > 200 weeks (
ID
IC;
ID) [58 ] Case report
recurrent GIIIATC lysates none ID (6 injections) DTH after 2nd vaccination CR maintained 2 years after IT [59 ] Phase I
HGG 1 GBM, 1 AA, 9 recurrent GBM, 3 recurrent AAATC lysates none SC (3 injections) Increased IFN
RNA in PBMC (6/10) ATR T cells (4/9) (HER-2, gp100, MAGE-1 tetramers) TI CD8, CD45RO cells (3/6) Median survival after IT: 133 versus 30 weeks (8 recurrent GBM) [60 ] Phase I
relapsed brain tumours 2 GBM, 1 AA, 4 others Age: < 25 yearsATC RNA none ID (3 to 5 injections) No ATR PBMC (0/3) (IFN
ELISA) 1 PR (1XA) 4 SD (1AA, 3 others) [61 ] Phase I
recurrent HGG 11 GBM, 1 PXAATC lysates IL1
, TNF
, and PGE2 ID (2 to 7 injections) DTH after 2 vaccinations (6/8) DTH after 5 vaccinations (7/8) 1 PR, 1 SD,1 CR (GBM) 1 CR (PXA) Median OS: 10.5 months 36-month OS: 17% [62 ] Phase I/II
newly diagnosed GBM after RT Vaccine alone (
) Vaccine and chemotherapy (
)ATC lysates or peptide elutions none ID (3 injections) Vaccine alone: ATR PBMC (4/11) Vaccine and chemotherapy: ATR PBMC (4/13) (lytic activity and IFN
Q-PCR) Vaccine or chemotherapy alone: 2-year survival: 8% Vaccine and chemotherapy: 3 PR - 2-year survival: 42% [63 ] Phase I
recurrent HGG 6 GBM, 7 AA, 2 OAAFusion of ATC with DC TNF
ID (3 injections) DTH (15/15) ATR PBL (2/8) (lytic activity) 1 SD (GBM), 3 PR, 1 MR (AA)1 PR, 1SD (AOA) [64 ] Phase I
GBM 7 newly diagnosed GBM 5 recurrent GBMAcid elution from ATC none ID (3 injections) ATR peripheral T cells (6/12) (lytic activity) TI CD8 CD45RO cells (4/8) 1 PR Median OS: 23.4 versus 18.3 months [65 ] Phase I/II
recurrent HGG 18 GBM, 6 GIII after RT
nitrosoureaATC+ KLH none or OK432 ID (immature or matured DC)
IC (immature DC) (1 to 10 injections) DTH (8/17) ATR PBMC (7/16)(IFN
ELISPOT) 1PR, 3MR, 6SD (GBM) 4SD (GIII) Median OS: 480 versus 400 days Longer survival if DC maturation or IC injection [66 ] Phase I
HGG 1 recurrent GBM, 1 recurrent AAafter total resectionIrradiated ATC Fibroblast transduced TGF/IL4 ID (2 injections) ATR PBMC (1/1) (EphA2 ELISPOT) 2 PR
HGG 5 newly diagnosed GBM after total resection+RTATC lysates Mixture of TGF/IL4 transduced fibroblasts with DC (IFNγ , IL1β and TNFα ) ID (2 injections) No response No response [67 ] Phase I
9 GBM (2 recurrent), 4 AA (3 recurrent)inactivated ATC none ID (2 to 13 injections) TI CD8 CD45RO T cells (3/3) 12-month survival: 46% 18-month survival or more: 23% [68 ] Phase II
GBM 23 recurrent 11 newly diagnosedATC lysates none ID (3 to 4 injections) ATR PBMC (17/34) (IFN
PCR) 3 CR, 1 PR Median survival after IT: 642 days versus 430 days [69 ] Phase I/II
recurrent GBMATC lysates IL1
, TNF
and PGE2 ID (3 to 9 injections
ATC lysates) DTH (9/21 at diagnostic, 2/12 after vaccination) Median OS: 9.6 months [70 ] Phase I
newly diagnosed GBMEGFRvIII antigen + KLH None ID (3 injections) DTH EGFRvIII (5/9) DTH KLH (9/9) ATR PBMC (10/12) (EGFRvIII-induced proliferation) Median OS: 22.8 months [71 ] Phase I
children HGG 23 GBM, 5 AA, 1 OAO, 16 other HGGATC lysates + imiquimod IL1
and TNF
ID (2 to 7 injections)
ATC lysates boosts All HGG: Median OS: 13.5 months GBM alone: Median OS: 12.2 months[72 ] Phase I/II
newly diagnosed GBM (Stupp protocol)ATC lysates IL1
, TNF
, and PGE2 ID (4 injections+ ATC lysates) DTH (2/5) Increased CD8/CD25 in PBL (6/7) ATR PBMC (5/8) (IFNγ ELISPOT) Median OS: 24 months