This study reveals the effect of elevated <svg     style="vertical-align:-3.50804pt;width:40.662498px;" id="M1" height="15.8" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 40.662498 15.8" width="40.662498"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><path id="x1D45D" d="M570 304q0 -108 -87 -199q-40 -42 -94.5 -74t-105.5 -43q-41 0 -65 11l-29 -141q-9 -45 -1.5 -58t45.5 -16l26 -2l-5 -29l-241 -10l4 26q51 10 67.5 24t26.5 60l113 520q-54 -20 -89 -41l-7 26q38 28 105 53l11 49q20 25 77 58l8 -7l-17 -77q39 14 102 14q82 0 119 -36&#xA;t37 -108zM482 289q0 114 -113 114q-26 0 -66 -7l-70 -327q12 -14 32 -25t39 -11q59 0 118.5 81.5t59.5 174.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.143,11.363)"><path id="x43" d="M614 175l29 -10q-33 -109 -57 -154q-121 -26 -184 -26q-90 0 -160.5 29t-112.5 77t-63.5 105.5t-21.5 119.5q0 157 108 253t277 96q36 0 71.5 -5t69 -13.5t36.5 -8.5q15 -102 20 -150l-29 -8q-20 79 -66.5 114t-128.5 35q-119 0 -187.5 -86t-68.5 -207&#xA;q0 -140 73.5 -227.5t188.5 -87.5q73 0 119.5 37.5t86.5 116.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.549,11.363)"><path id="x4F" d="M381 665q131 0 226.5 -93t95.5 -239q0 -158 -96 -253t-238 -95q-137 0 -231 95t-94 238q0 142 92.5 244.5t244.5 102.5zM359 629q-89 0 -151 -74.5t-62 -208.5q0 -141 69 -233t175 -92q90 0 150.5 74t60.5 211q0 152 -69 237.5t-173 85.5z" /></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,34.262,15.45)"><path id="x32" d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" /></g>

		
	
</svg> on <i  >Porites cylindrica</i> and <i  >Galaxea fascicularis</i>. The corals responded differently under elevated <svg     style="vertical-align:-3.50804pt;width:40.662498px;" id="M2" height="15.8" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 40.662498 15.8" width="40.662498"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x1D45D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.143,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x43"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.549,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x4F"/></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,34.262,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x32"/></g>

		
	
</svg>. Zooxanthellae cell density, cell mitotic index, and photosynthesis rate of <i  >P. cylindrica</i> decreased drastically under the elevated <svg     style="vertical-align:-3.50804pt;width:40.662498px;" id="M3" height="15.8" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 40.662498 15.8" width="40.662498"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x1D45D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.143,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x43"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.549,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x4F"/></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,34.262,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x32"/></g>

		
	
</svg>. At the end of the experiment, <i  >P. cylindrica</i> suffered from a declining calcium carbonate precipitation rate. <i  >G. fascicularis</i> increased its respiration rate and expelled 71&#x25; of its symbiotic zooxanthellae algae under elevated <svg     style="vertical-align:-3.50804pt;width:40.662498px;" id="M4" height="15.8" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 40.662498 15.8" width="40.662498"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x1D45D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.143,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x43"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.549,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x4F"/></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,34.262,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x32"/></g>

		
	
</svg>. Photosynthetic pigments in the remaining zooxanthellae algae increased from 1.85 to 11.5 times to sustain its photosynthetic outputs. At the end of the experiment, <i  >G. fascicularis</i> managed to increase the rate of its calcium carbonate precipitation. Increase <svg     style="vertical-align:-3.50804pt;width:40.662498px;" id="M5" height="15.8" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 40.662498 15.8" width="40.662498"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x1D45D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.143,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x43"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.549,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x4F"/></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,34.262,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x32"/></g>

		
	
</svg> in the atmosphere may affect species diversity of coral reefs.

Yii-Siang Hii

Abol Munafi Ambok Bolong

Teng-Teng Yang

Hock-Chark Liew

Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on Two Scleractinian Corals: <i>Porites cylindrica</i> (Dana, 1846) and <i>Galaxea fascicularis</i> (Linnaeus, 1767)

The taxonomic composition of 160 species of bivalves and gastropods recorded in the Gulf of Tehuantepec is presented with information on their habitat and distribution along 10 different localities of the shoreline and 42 stations of the continental shelf. The species were on sandy and rocky beaches, coastal lagoons, estuaries, mangroves, rocky breakwaters of ports, and shallow subtidal areas (14&#8211;47&#x2009;m depth). A total of 78 bivalve species and 82 gastropod species were recorded. Most of these were associated with sandy and rocky beaches and breakwaters of ports. The estuaries host 30 species and the coastal lagoons only two. In the shallow subtidal there were 18 gastropod species and 40 bivalve species representing 36.3&#37; of all. This study adds 24 bivalve species and 29 gastropod species not recorded in previous studies for a total count of 213 species (102 bivalves and 111 gastropods) for Gulf of Tehuantepec.

Eduardo R&#237;os-Jara

Ceciel-M. Navarro-Caravantes

Cristian-M. Galv&#225;n-Villa

Ernesto Lopez-Uriarte

Bivalves and Gastropods of the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico: A Checklist of Species with Notes on Their Habitat and Local Distribution

Body-induced vortices and flow regimes surrounding five mature male blue sharks, <i>Prionace glauca</i> (L.), were investigated. Flow was simulated using 3-dimensional computational fluid dynamics software (<i>Fluent</i>). A <i>k</i>-epsilon turbulent model represented the ocean flow regime. Compared to controls (horizontal cylinders) morphology increased the flow velocity along the body surface. The region around the gill slits displayed maximum relative velocity magnitude which may improve oxygen uptake. The area of the lateral line adjacent to the dorsal fin returned the minimum relative velocity magnitude. The vorticity magnitude was enhanced by dorsal fin-body interactions along the adjacent section of lateral line suggesting that <i>P. glauca</i> channels vortices along the lateral line, at reduced relative velocity magnitudes.

T. H. E. Smith

G. S. Caldwell

Computational Assessment of the Fluid Flow around Coasting Mature Male Blue Sharks, <i>Prionace glauca</i> (L.)

We sequenced the mitochondrial ND4 gene to elucidate the evolutionary processes of <i>Bathymodiolus</i> mussels and mytilid relatives. Mussels of the subfamily Bathymodiolinae from vents and seeps belonged to 3 groups and mytilid relatives from sunken wood and whale carcasses assumed the outgroup positions to bathymodioline mussels. Shallow water mytilid mussels were positioned more distantly relative to the vent/seep mussels, indicating an evolutionary transition from shallow to deep sea via sunken wood and whale carcasses. <i>Bathymodiolus platifrons</i> is distributed in the seeps and vents, which are approximately 1500&#x2009;km away.  There was no significant genetic differentiation between the populations. There existed high gene flow between <i>B. septemdierum</i> and <i>B. brevior</i> and low but not negligible gene flow between <i>B. marisindicus</i> and <i>B. septemdierum</i> or <i>B. brevior</i>, although their habitats are 5000&#8211;10&#x2009;000&#x2009;km away. These indicate a high adaptability to the abyssal environments and a high dispersal ability of <i>Bathymodiolus</i> mussels.

Akiko Kyuno

Mifue Shintaku

Yuko Fujita

Hiroto Matsumoto

Motoo Utsumi

Hiromi Watanabe

Yoshihiro Fujiwara

Jun-Ichi Miyazaki

Dispersal and Differentiation of Deep-Sea Mussels of the Genus <i>Bathymodiolus</i> (Mytilidae, Bathymodiolinae)

Saltpans with different management levels were studied for macroinvertebrate community and abiotic variables like water depth, water conductivity, and organic matter in sediments. Significant variation was observed between saltpans, between ponds within saltpans, and between periods within ponds for abundance, and also between saltpans for biomass. Environmental variables varied significantly between saltpans and between ponds. Significant positive correlations occurred between depth and total abundance, between depth and Corixidae abundance, and also between organic matter in sediments and diversity. Significant negative correlations were observed between depth and diversity and between organic matter in sediments and total abundance. Multidimensional Scaling and Canonical Correspondence Analysis confirmed results of analysis of variance and correlations. Invertebrate communities were numerically dominant as also revealed by ABC method. Abandoned saltpan ponds show the largest changes in water depth, with communities dominated by some opportunist species, varying within short temporal scales, which is typical from highly disturbed systems.

P. C. Tavares

D. Alves

M. Shapouri

Structural Changes in Macroinvertebrate Communities Associated with Reduction in the Management of Coastal Saltpans

A spatially explicit bioenergetics model was used to predict juvenile sockeye salmon <i  >Oncorhynchus nerka</i> growth rate potential (GRP) on the eastern Bering Sea shelf during years with cooler and warmer spring sea surface temperatures (SSTs).  Annual averages of juvenile sockeye salmon GRP were generally lower among years with cooler SSTs and generally higher in offshore than nearshore regions of the eastern Bering Sea shelf during years with warmer SSTs.  Juvenile sockeye salmon distribution was significantly (<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:50.549999px;" id="M1" height="11.375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 50.549999 11.375" width="50.549999"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
    
        
            <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path id="x1D443" d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5&#xA;t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)"><path id="x3C" d="M512 -3l-437 233v51l437 233v-58l-378 -200v-2l378 -199v-58z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)"><path id="x2E" d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,34.162,11.112)"><path id="x30" d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105&#xA;q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)"><path id="x35" d="M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8&#xA;l-26 -65h-233z" /></g>

        
    
</svg>) related to GRP and their prey densities were positively related to spring SST (<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:50.549999px;" id="M2" height="11.375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 50.549999 11.375" width="50.549999"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
    
        
            <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x1D443"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x3C"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,34.162,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x35"/></g>

        
    
</svg>).  Juvenile sockeye salmon GRP was more sensitive to changes in prey density and observed SSTs during years when spring SSTs were warmer (2002, 2003, and 2005).  Our results suggest that the pelagic productivity on the eastern Bering Sea shelf was higher during years with warmer spring SSTs and highlight the importance of bottom-up control on the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem.

Edward V. Farley

Marc Trudel

Growth Rate Potential of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon in Warmer and Cooler Years on the Eastern Bering Sea Shelf

To determine if bearded seals (<i>Erignathus barbatus</i>) harvested near a zinc and lead mine (Red Dog, Alaska , USA) by subsistence hunters from Kivalina, Alaska, were as safe to eat as bearded seals from other locations in Alaska, we compared 19 trace element concentrations in liver tissue. Liver concentrations from nine bearded seals harvested near the Red Dog Mine (RDM) port site were compared with 15 bearded seals from two reference sites (Hooper Bay and Little Diomede, Alaska, USA). Concentrations did not differ by gender, but we found statistically significant trends in concentrations of cadmium, mercury, manganese, selenium, and vanadium with age. Arsenic and copper were the only elements found to be more concentrated in the liver of bearded seals harvested near RDM than in the other locations. The predominant form of arsenic in marine mammals is known to be a nontoxic organic form, not the toxic inorganic form, and copper is an essential element. Although elevated near RDM, neither element was found at concentrations that presented health risks. We found no evidence that bearded seals harvested near RDM were less safe to eat or that trace element concentrations were greater than those found in bearded seals harvested elsewhere in Alaska or Canada.

Lori Quakenbush

John J. Citta

Trace Element Concentrations in Bearded Seals (<i>Erignathus barbatus</i>) Near Red Dog Mine Compared to Other Locations in Alaska

About this journal

<p><em>Journal of Marine Sciences</em> publishes original research articles as well as review articles&nbsp;in all areas of marine sciences including marine biology, oceanography, hydrology, coastal processes, technological developments, climate change, and policy.</p>


Journal profile

Meet the editorial board

<p><em>Journal of Marine Sciences</em> maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.</p>


Editor spotlight

Submit your proposal

Do you think there is an emerging area of research that really needs to be highlighted? Or an existing research area that has been overlooked or would benefit from deeper investigation? Raise the profile of a research area by leading a Special Issue.

Special Issues

Author guidelines

Editorial board

Databases and indexing

Journal of Marine Sciences - Table of contents 2009

title

Journal of Marine Sciences publishes original research articles as well as review articles in all areas of marine sciences including marine biology, oceanography, hydrology, coastal processes, technological developments, climate change, and policy.

Journal of Marine Sciences