Enhanced Oxidative Stress and Physiological Damage in Daphnia magna by Copper in the Presence of Nano-TiO₂

Table 2

Mortality of D. magna after 3 d of exposure to Cu²⁺ at different concentrations in the absence and presence of 2 mg L⁻¹ nano-TiO₂.

		Exposure groups with copper (𝜇g L^−1)
Exposure system		Control	10	20	30	40	50	70	100
Cu	Mortality rate (%)	0	0	0	6.25	12.5	21.88	31.25	46.88
Cu + nano-TiO2	Mortality rate (%)	0	15.63	28.13	40.63	46.88	56.25	68.75	84.38

Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (𝑛=2).