Correlates of Adverse Outcomes in Abdominally Obese Individuals: Findings from the Five-Year Followup of the Population-Based Study of Health in Pomerania
Table 2
Association between potential predictors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among abdominal obese individuals calculated by logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age, and waist circumference.
Incident CVD
Incident T2DM
Incident T2DM or CVD
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
(cases)
1506 (136)
1490 (114)
1490 (234)
Sociodemographic parameters
Unemployment
2.43 (1.39; 4.25)
<0.01
1.03 (0.53; 1.97)
0.94
1.83 (1.12; 2.97)
0.02
Marital status (ref: married)
Divorced or widowed
1.89 (1.24; 2.88)
<0.01
1.32 (0.58; 3.00)
0.50
1.69 (1.02; 2.80)
0.04
Single
1.47 (0.82; 2.65)
0.20
1.46 (0.49; 4.39)
0.50
1.65 (0.85; 3.19)
0.14
Lifestyle parameters
Current smoking
1.10 (0.72; 1.68)
0.67
1.09 (0.76; 1.56)
0.64
1.04 (0.75; 1.42)
0.83
No physical activity
0.94 (0.45; 1.96)
0.88
1.31 (0.74; 2.33)
0.36
1.11 (0.61; 2.02)
0.72
Health parameters
Liver disease
1.31 (0.68; 2.49)
0.42
2.67 (1.18; 6.04)
0.02
1.97 (1.09; 3.57)
0.02
Hypertension
1.43 (1.05; 1.95)
0.02
1.18 (0.76; 1.83)
0.47
1.39 (1.16; 1.67)
<0.01
Alcohol consumption (ref: Q1)
0.93
0.21
0.44
Q2
1.04 (0.59; 1.83)
0.81 (0.38; 1.71)
0.91 (0.49; 1.69)
Q3
1.02 (0.67; 1.56)
0.99 (0.63; 1.54)
0.94 (0.63; 1.39)
Q4
1.02 (0.67; 1.56)
0.64 (0.38; 1.06)
0.85 (0.61; 1.19)
Total cholesterol (ref: Q1)
0.01
0.13
0.12
Q2
1.11 (0.74; 1.66)
0.49 (0.24; 1.02)
0.84 (0.54; 1.29)
Q3
1.22 (0.73; 2.03)
0.54 (0.29; 0.98)
0.88 (0.62; 1.26)
Q4
1.89 (1.20; 2.99)
0.67 (0.43; 1.05)
1.30 (0.94; 1.79)
Total cholesterol, per SD increase
1.39 (1.18; 1.65)
<0.01
—
1.18 (1.04; 1.36)
0.01
HDL cholesterol (ref: Q4)
0.64
<0.01
0.03
Q1
1.11 (0.71; 1.73)
2.39 (1.43; 3.99)
1.46 (1.04; 2.05)
Q2
1.07 (0.65; 1.78)
1.46 (0.84; 2.53)
1.29 (0.94; 1.77)
Q3
1.05 (0.65; 1.68)
1.58 (0.88; 2.84)
1.24 (0.97; 1.60)
HDL cholesterol, per SD decrease
—
1.32 (1.11; 1.56)
<0.01
1.12 (1.01; 1.25)
0.04
LDL cholesterol (ref: Q1)
0.04
0.22
0.13
Q2
1.03 (0.65; 1.61)
0.53 (0.25; 1.08)
0.85 (0.54; 1.35)
Q3
0.99 (0.58; 1.69)
0.55 (0.25; 1.22)
0.83 (0.54; 1.26)
Q4
1.62 (1.06; 2.47)
0.74 (0.48; 1.14)
1.24 (0.95; 1.62)
LDL cholesterol, per SD increase
1.37 (1.15; 1.64)
<0.01
—
1.19 (1.06; 1.34)
<0.01
Glucose (ref: Q1)
0.05
<0.01
<0.01
Q2
1.43 (0.90; 2.28)
1.72 (1.01; 2.94)
1.66 (1.12; 2.45)
Q3
2.01 (1.37; 2.95)
1.51 (0.74; 3.09)
2.02 (1.48; 2.77)
Q4
1.50 (0.88; 2.54)
4.29 (2.45; 7.51)
2.77 (1.84; 4.16)
Glucose, per SD increase
1.14 (1.05; 1.23)
<0.01
1.89 (1.43; 2.49)
<0.01
1.56 (1.35; 1.79)
<0.01
Systolic BP (ref: Q1)
0.03
0.71
0.07
Q2
1.52 (1.10; 2.09)
1.22 (0.71; 2.11)
1.35 (1.00; 1.84)
Q3
1.67 (1.17; 2.39)
0.79 (0.41; 1.53)
1.23 (0.88; 1.71)
Q4
2.05 (1.16; 3.63)
1.01 (0.62; 1.65)
1.55 (1.09; 2.20)
Systolic BP, per SD increase
1.23 (1.00; 1.51)
0.05
1.17 (1.02; 1.34)
0.02
Diastolic BP (ref: Q1)
0.02
0.79
0.10
Q2
0.98 (0.59; 1.62)
0.56 (0.25; 1.26)
0.70 (0.37; 1.32)
Q3
1.24 (0.71; 2.15)
0.74 (0.35; 1.60)
1.02 (0.54; 1.94)
Q4
1.50 (0.97; 2.31)
0.96 (0.60; 1.53)
1.22 (0.81; 1.83)
Abdominal obesity was defined by WHtR ≥ 0.5. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; BP: blood pressure; SD: standard deviation.
