Larvicidal Activity against <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and Molluscicidal Activity against <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> of Brazilian Marine Algae

<table class="table-group" id="tab4"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left">Algae/extract</td><td align="center">LC<sub>10</sub> (µg·mL<sup>−1</sup>)</td><td align="center">LC<sub>50</sub> (µg·mL<sup>−1</sup>)</td><td align="center">LC<sub>90</sub> (µg·mL<sup>−1</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span width=""><i>P. gymnospora  </i><svg height="16.1" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-3.40022pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 44.712502 16.1" width="44.712502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.813)"><path d="M657 152l30 -25q-69 -85 -133 -115q-63 -31 -155 -31q-159 0 -255 96q-95 98 -95 246q0 161 97 264q98 104 250 104q69 0 156 -35q26 -10 37.5 -13.5t22 2t14.5 12.5t16 31h27v-235h-25q-24 64 -67 115q-75 90 -167 90q-80 0 -133 -84q-51 -82 -51 -229q0 -155 54 -240
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.337,15.888)"><path d="M470 688v-26q-108 -22 -172.5 -84.5t-93.5 -173.5q40 17 84 17q85 0 136 -54t51 -145q0 -105 -59 -170t-156 -65q-106 0 -169 77q-63 78 -63 210q0 176 139 297q64 54 118 73q62 22 185 44zM323 165q0 117 -20 164t-69 47q-26 0 -37 -10q-13 -10 -13 -121q0 -149 27 -202
q15 -29 51 -29q35 0 48 31q13 30 13 120z" id="x1D7D4"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,18.912,11.813)"><path d="M759 25v-25h-339v25q54 6 71.5 20.5t17.5 52.5v228h-241v-228q0 -40 17 -54q16 -13 72 -19v-25h-336v25q54 8 69 20q16 13 16 53v479q0 41 -16.5 55t-68.5 19v25h336v-25q-54 -4 -71.5 -18.5t-17.5 -55.5v-204h241v204q0 41 -17.5 55.5t-71.5 18.5v25h339v-25
q-51 -4 -69.5 -19t-18.5 -55v-479q0 -40 16 -53q15 -12 72 -20z" id="x1D407"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,32.138,15.888)"><path d="M441 24v-24h-373v24q75 2 96 20q22 19 22 85v378q0 70 -36 70q-26 0 -65 -16l-20 -8v26l251 109h18v-570q0 -57 19 -75q19 -17 88 -19z" id="x1D7CF"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,38.087,15.888)"><path d="M476 255v-111h-64v-144h-145v144h-248v113l313 431h80v-433h64zM60 255h208v294z" id="x1D7D2"></path></g>
</svg></span></td><td align="center">330.474 (139.004–437.601)</td><td align="center">788.277 (687.856–998.205)</td><td align="center">1880.271 (1307.848–5926.118)</td></tr><tr><td align="left">
                *
                <i>H. musciformis  </i><svg height="16.1" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-3.40022pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 44.712502 16.1" width="44.712502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.813)"><path d="M657 152l30 -25q-69 -85 -133 -115q-63 -31 -155 -31q-159 0 -255 96q-95 98 -95 246q0 161 97 264q98 104 250 104q69 0 156 -35q26 -10 37.5 -13.5t22 2t14.5 12.5t16 31h27v-235h-25q-24 64 -67 115q-75 90 -167 90q-80 0 -133 -84q-51 -82 -51 -229q0 -155 54 -240
q22 -34 62.5 -55t84.5 -21q65 0 126 34q41 23 104 89z" id="x1D402"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.337,15.888)"><path d="M470 688v-26q-108 -22 -172.5 -84.5t-93.5 -173.5q40 17 84 17q85 0 136 -54t51 -145q0 -105 -59 -170t-156 -65q-106 0 -169 77q-63 78 -63 210q0 176 139 297q64 54 118 73q62 22 185 44zM323 165q0 117 -20 164t-69 47q-26 0 -37 -10q-13 -10 -13 -121q0 -149 27 -202
q15 -29 51 -29q35 0 48 31q13 30 13 120z" id="x1D7D4"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,18.912,11.813)"><path d="M759 25v-25h-339v25q54 6 71.5 20.5t17.5 52.5v228h-241v-228q0 -40 17 -54q16 -13 72 -19v-25h-336v25q54 8 69 20q16 13 16 53v479q0 41 -16.5 55t-68.5 19v25h336v-25q-54 -4 -71.5 -18.5t-17.5 -55.5v-204h241v204q0 41 -17.5 55.5t-71.5 18.5v25h339v-25
q-51 -4 -69.5 -19t-18.5 -55v-479q0 -40 16 -53q15 -12 72 -20z" id="x1D407"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,32.138,15.888)"><path d="M441 24v-24h-373v24q75 2 96 20q22 19 22 85v378q0 70 -36 70q-26 0 -65 -16l-20 -8v26l251 109h18v-570q0 -57 19 -75q19 -17 88 -19z" id="x1D7CF"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,38.087,15.888)"><path d="M476 255v-111h-64v-144h-145v144h-248v113l313 431h80v-433h64zM60 255h208v294z" id="x1D7D2"></path></g>
</svg></td><td align="center">—</td><td align="center">—</td><td align="center">—</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span width=""><i>P. gymnospora </i><svg height="16.112499" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-3.40977pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 55.799999 16.112499" width="55.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.813)"><path d="M657 152l30 -25q-69 -85 -133 -115q-63 -31 -155 -31q-159 0 -255 96q-95 98 -95 246q0 161 97 264q98 104 250 104q69 0 156 -35q26 -10 37.5 -13.5t22 2t14.5 12.5t16 31h27v-235h-25q-24 64 -67 115q-75 90 -167 90q-80 0 -133 -84q-51 -82 -51 -229q0 -155 54 -240
q22 -34 62.5 -55t84.5 -21q65 0 126 34q41 23 104 89z" id="x1D402"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.336,11.813)"><path d="M759 25v-25h-339v25q54 6 71.5 20.5t17.5 52.5v228h-241v-228q0 -40 17 -54q16 -13 72 -19v-25h-336v25q54 8 69 20q16 13 16 53v479q0 41 -16.5 55t-68.5 19v25h336v-25q-54 -4 -71.5 -18.5t-17.5 -55.5v-204h241v204q0 41 -17.5 55.5t-71.5 18.5v25h339v-25
q-51 -4 -69.5 -19t-18.5 -55v-479q0 -40 16 -53q15 -12 72 -20z" id="x1D407"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,25.561,11.813)"><path d="M657 152l30 -25q-69 -85 -133 -115q-63 -31 -155 -31q-159 0 -255 96q-95 98 -95 246q0 161 97 264q98 104 250 104q69 0 156 -35q26 -10 37.5 -13.5t22 2t14.5 12.5t16 31h27v-235h-25q-24 64 -67 115q-75 90 -167 90q-80 0 -133 -84q-51 -82 -51 -229q0 -155 54 -240
q22 -34 62.5 -55t84.5 -21q65 0 126 34q41 23 104 89z" id="x1D402"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,37.834,11.813)"><path d="M609 227h29l-42 -227h-577v25q56 8 70 20q16 13 16 53v478q0 42 -17.5 57t-68.5 18v25h348v-24q-64 -3 -83 -20q-17 -17 -17 -79v-464q0 -33 18.5 -45.5t66.5 -12.5q109 0 170 55q42 39 87 141z" id="x1D40B"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,49.175,15.888)"><path d="M58 524l-21 12q80 152 229 152q73 0 119 -41q45 -41 45 -96q0 -40 -21.5 -74.5t-62.5 -52.5q57 -20 89.5 -68.5t32.5 -109.5q0 -110 -86 -185t-214 -75q-69 0 -110.5 24.5t-41.5 65.5q0 26 18.5 43t46.5 17q45 0 96 -57q39 -43 79 -43q45 0 71.5 34t26.5 88q0 75 -49 121
q-25 23 -56 39q-34 17 -97 38v17q69 21 100 53t31 78q0 103 -99 103q-40 0 -69.5 -19t-56.5 -64z" id="x1D7D1"></path></g>
</svg></span></td><td align="center">423.49 (322.234–489.074)</td><td align="center">706.990 (648.747–776.152)</td><td align="center">1180.111 (1009.600–1593.490)</td></tr><tr><td align="left">
                *
                <i>H. musciformis  </i><svg height="16.112499" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-3.40977pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 55.799999 16.112499" width="55.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.813)"><path d="M657 152l30 -25q-69 -85 -133 -115q-63 -31 -155 -31q-159 0 -255 96q-95 98 -95 246q0 161 97 264q98 104 250 104q69 0 156 -35q26 -10 37.5 -13.5t22 2t14.5 12.5t16 31h27v-235h-25q-24 64 -67 115q-75 90 -167 90q-80 0 -133 -84q-51 -82 -51 -229q0 -155 54 -240
q22 -34 62.5 -55t84.5 -21q65 0 126 34q41 23 104 89z" id="x1D402"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.336,11.813)"><path d="M759 25v-25h-339v25q54 6 71.5 20.5t17.5 52.5v228h-241v-228q0 -40 17 -54q16 -13 72 -19v-25h-336v25q54 8 69 20q16 13 16 53v479q0 41 -16.5 55t-68.5 19v25h336v-25q-54 -4 -71.5 -18.5t-17.5 -55.5v-204h241v204q0 41 -17.5 55.5t-71.5 18.5v25h339v-25
q-51 -4 -69.5 -19t-18.5 -55v-479q0 -40 16 -53q15 -12 72 -20z" id="x1D407"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,25.561,11.813)"><path d="M657 152l30 -25q-69 -85 -133 -115q-63 -31 -155 -31q-159 0 -255 96q-95 98 -95 246q0 161 97 264q98 104 250 104q69 0 156 -35q26 -10 37.5 -13.5t22 2t14.5 12.5t16 31h27v-235h-25q-24 64 -67 115q-75 90 -167 90q-80 0 -133 -84q-51 -82 -51 -229q0 -155 54 -240
q22 -34 62.5 -55t84.5 -21q65 0 126 34q41 23 104 89z" id="x1D402"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,37.834,11.813)"><path d="M609 227h29l-42 -227h-577v25q56 8 70 20q16 13 16 53v478q0 42 -17.5 57t-68.5 18v25h348v-24q-64 -3 -83 -20q-17 -17 -17 -79v-464q0 -33 18.5 -45.5t66.5 -12.5q109 0 170 55q42 39 87 141z" id="x1D40B"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,49.175,15.888)"><path d="M58 524l-21 12q80 152 229 152q73 0 119 -41q45 -41 45 -96q0 -40 -21.5 -74.5t-62.5 -52.5q57 -20 89.5 -68.5t32.5 -109.5q0 -110 -86 -185t-214 -75q-69 0 -110.5 24.5t-41.5 65.5q0 26 18.5 43t46.5 17q45 0 96 -57q39 -43 79 -43q45 0 71.5 34t26.5 88q0 75 -49 121
q-25 23 -56 39q-34 17 -97 38v17q69 21 100 53t31 78q0 103 -99 103q-40 0 -69.5 -19t-56.5 -64z" id="x1D7D1"></path></g>
</svg></td><td align="center">—</td><td align="center">—</td><td align="center">—</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="4"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="table-fn"><td><svg height="13.75" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.7375002 13.75" width="7.7375002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,.062,5.525)"><path d="M471 153q-22 -15 -61 -13q-25 31 -45.5 49.5t-56.5 41.5q4 -71 28 -134q-17 -33 -42 -46q-24 12 -42 46q24 63 28 134q-36 -23 -56.5 -41.5t-45.5 -49.5q-36 -2 -61 13q0 28 19 59q65 10 130 43q-65 33 -130 43q-19 31 -19 59q22 15 61 13q25 -31 45.5 -49.5t56.5 -41.5
q-4 71 -28 134q17 33 42 46q24 -12 42 -46q-24 -63 -28 -134q36 23 56.5 41.5t45.5 49.5q36 2 61 -13q0 -28 -19 -59q-65 -10 -130 -43q65 -33 130 -43q19 -31 19 -59z" id="x2217"></path></g>
</svg>The LC could not be calculated; values in parentheses correspond to the confidence intervals.<br/></td></tr></table>

More precise toxicity test of the hexane (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>) and chloroform (CHCl<sub>3</sub>) fractions of the extracts of algal species collected on the beach Riacho Doce, AL, against <i>A. salina. </i>

Journal of Parasitology Research

tab4

Table 4

Table 4: Larvicidal Activity against <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and Molluscicidal Activity against <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> of Brazilian Marine Algae 

Journal of Parasitology Research

Larvicidal Activity against Aedes aegypti and Molluscicidal Activity against Biomphalaria glabrata of Brazilian Marine Algae

Table 4